Table 4. Effect of combined GM6 and KM1-3 genotypes on the risk for PM in HIV-1 negative and positive women.
| Genotypesa | HIV-1 negative women | HIV-1 positive women | ||||
| PM (%) | Adjusted OR (95% CI | P b | PM (%) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | P b | |
| GM6(+) KM1-3(+) | 35.7 | 0.60 (0.18 to 2.05) | 0.41 | 16.0 | 0.59 (0.19 to 1.87) | 0.38 |
| GM6(+) KM1-3(−) | 42.9 | 0.62 (0.21 to 1.77) | 0.37 | 10.5 | 0.29 (0.06 to 1.33) | 0.11 |
| GM6(+/−) KM1-3(+) | 50.0 | 0.90 (0.36 to 2.28) | 0.83 | 42.2 | 2.08 (1.12 to 3.89) | 0.021 |
| GM6(+/−) KM1-3(−) | 52.9 | 1.04 (0.44 to 2.49) | 0.93 | 14.3 | 0.47 (0.22 to 1.00) | 0.051 |
| GM6(−) KM1-3(+) | 68.8 | 1.93 (0.92 to 4.07) | 0.08 | 22.8 | 0.83 (0.47 to 1.41) | 0.50 |
| GM6(−) KM1-3(−) | 54.7 | 1.00 | …. | 26.1 | 1.00 | …. |
Note: PM, Placental malaria; OR, odds ratios; CI, confidence interval.
a
KM1-3(+) is KM1-3 heterozygote and KM1-3(−) includes KM1 and KM3 homozygotes. GM6(−)KM1-3(−) is used as reference.
b
P values are derived from multivariable logistic regression, controlling for gravidity, anti-malarial use during third trimester, and malaria transmission season.