Table 2.

Comparison of pre- and post-intervention ghrelin concentrations, and meal-related ghrelin concentrations in Control and Energy Deficit groups

Ghrelin Concentrations	Control, n = 5			Energy Deficit, n = 16
	Pre	Post	Change	Pre	Post	Change
Mean 24 h, pg/ml	1,616 ± 122	1,634 ± 178	18 ± 74	1,217 ± 126	1,428 ± 150†	241 ± 63
Area under the curve	37,663 ± 2,885	37,953 ± 3,752	289 ± 1373	29,562 ± 2,979	35,438 ± 3,588†	5,876 ± 1731
Meal peaks
Breakfast peak, pg/ml	1,780 ± 175	1,908 ± 303	128 ± 230	1,475 ± 151	1,540 ± 143	65 ± 64
Lunch peak, pg/ml	1,764 ± 170	1,774 ± 238	11 ± 137	1,225 ± 137	1,507 ± 159†	283 ± 60
Dinner peak, pg/ml	1,929 ± 153	1,953 ± 250	24 ± 239	1,448 ± 157	1,794 ± 183†	346 ± 79
Meal response averages *
Breakfast response average, pg/ml	1,559 ± 182	1,514 ± 238	−46 ± 164	1,241 ± 142	1,368 ± 146†	127 ± 52
Lunch response average, pg/ml	1,511 ± 173	1,514 ± 199	3 ± 63	1,116 ± 120	1,282 ± 133†	166 ± 48
Dinner response average, pg/ml	1,655 ± 103	1,709 ± 198	54 ± 179	1,235 ± 141	1,499 ± 167†	264 ± 75

Values are expressed as means ± SE. Independent t-tests were used to compare change in lunch peak and breakfast response average. Mann-Whitney U-tests were used to compare the change in mean 24 h, area under the curve, breakfast peak, dinner peak, lunch response average, and dinner response average. Paired t-tests were used to compare all ghrelin concentrations pre- vs. post-study.

^†Paired t-test, Pre- vs. Post-study, P < 0.05.

^*Meal response averages were the mean of ghrelin concentrations, pg/ml, from 2 h prior through 2 h after the meal.