Fig. 4.

Insulin stimulated signaling and expression of adiponectin receptor isoforms and adaptor protein containing pleckstrin homology domain, phosphotyrosine binding domain, and leucine zipper motif (APPL) isoforms in skeletal muscle. Mice were fed either commercial chow or 60% HF diet at the age of 6 wk. After 12 wk HF diet, we used UTMD to deliver either pGL3 (EV) or fAd plasmid to hind leg skeletal muscles. Seven days post-UTMD, animals were starved 5–6 h, and insulin was administered as a bolus injection (4 U/kg body wt) via tail vein. Fifteen minutes after injection skeletal muscle tissues were collected, and homogenates were prepared and then analyzed by Western blotting. Representative Western blot of phospho (p)-protein kinase B (Akt) [threonine-308 (T308, A), serine-473 (S473, C), total Akt2 (A and C)] and quantitative analysis [T308 (B), S473 (D), Akt2 (E)]. F: representative Western blot for adiponectin receptor (AdipoR) 1, AdipoR2, APPL1, and APPL2. Data represent means ± SE. *P < 0.05 vs. chow-fed UTMD-EV and #P < 0.05 vs. 60% HF-fed UTMD-EV; n = 5–6.