Table 2.
Baseline values of the primary and secondary variables in each group
| Characteristic | Intervention group (n = 89) mean (SD) |
Control group (n = 61) mean (SD) |
Mean difference (95 % CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 35.7 (6.1) | 39.7 (9.2) | −3.9 (−6.6 to −1.2)‡ |
| Weight (kg) | 83.7 (12) | 84.1 (14.4) | −0.3 (−4.7–4.1) |
| Height (cm) | 174 (6.2) | 174 (6.2) | 0.6 (−1.3–2.7) |
| BMI (kg m−2) | 27.1 (3.2) | 27.4 (4.2) | −0.2 (−1.5–0.9) |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 98 (9) | 99 (11) | −1.1 (−4.6–2.3) |
| Total PA (CPM)a | 328 (138) | 281 (118) | 46 (3–89) |
| Inactive time (h day−1)a | 8.4 (1.6) | 8.9 (1.5) | −0.5 (−1.03–0.04) |
| MVPA (min day−1)a | 35 (21) | 28 (19) | 6.4 (−0.4–13) |
| Peak VO2 (mL kg−1 min−1)b | 33.9 (5.2) | 34.7 (6.5) | −0.7 (−3.4–1.9) |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.6 (0.60) | 5.7 (0.67) | −0.1 (−0.3–0.1) |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 5.3 (0.7) | 5.5 (1.1) | −0.1 (−0.5–0.1 |
| Glucose-2 h (mmol/L) | 6.4 (2.2) | 7.6 (3.7) | −1.2 (−2.3 to −0.1) |
| Insulin (pmol/L) | 101 (53) | 107 (61) | −6 (−25–13) |
| Insulin-2 h (pmol/L) | 750 (607) | 865 (553) | −114 (−305–76) |
| C-peptide (pmol/L) | 993 (296) | 1,017 (346) | −23 (−131–83) |
| C-peptide-2 h (pmol/L) | 3,688 (1,348) | 4,057 (1,369) | −368 (−820–83) |
| HOMA-IR | 4.0 (2.3) | 4.2 (2.5) | −0.2 (−0.5–1.0) |
SD standard deviation, BMI body mass index, PA physical activity, MVPA moderate, vigorous and very vigorous intensity physical activity, HOMA-IR homeostasis model assessment—insulin resistance
a n = 59 and 83 for the control and the intervention groups, respectively
b n = 30 and 69 for the control and the intervention groups, respectively
‡ P value: 0.05