Table 3.
Changes between post and baseline measurements in the intervention and control groups
| Characteristic | Intervention group (n range; 69–77) ∆ mean (SEM) |
Control group (n range; 47–53) ∆ mean (SEM) |
Adjusted mean diff ±95 % CIa | Effect size | P valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weight (kg) | −1.7 (0.2) | 0.1 (0.3) | −1.9 (−2.7 to −1.0) | −0.9 | <0.01 |
| BMI (kg m−2) | −0.5 (0.1) | 0.3 (0.1) | −0.8 (−1.1 to −0.5) | −1.00 | <0.01 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | −1.9 (0.4) | 1.7 (0.4) | −3.4 (−4.7 to −2.0) | −1.06 | <0.01 |
| Total PA level (CPM) | 65 (12) | 19 (13) | 49 (83–9) | 0.52 | 0.02 |
| Inactive time (min day−1) | −13 (11) | −14 (15) | 11 (−28–50) | 0.1 | 0.5 |
| MVPA (min day−1) | 13 (2) | 4 (2) | 6.4 (0.5–12) | 0.44 | 0.04 |
| Peak VO2 (mL kg−1 min−1)b | 7.3 (0.4) | 3.7 (0.8) | 3.6 (1.8–5.4) | 1.06 | <0.01 |
| HbA1c (%) | 0.06 (0.02) | 0.04 (0.03) | −0.003 (−0.1–0.1) | −0.02 | 0.9 |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | −0.14 (0.05) | −0.06 (0.1) | −0.1 (−0.4–0.1) | −0.09 | 0.3 |
| Glucose-2 h (mmol/L) | −0.6 (0.2) | −0.6 (0.3) | −0.2 (−0.9–0.3) | −0.1 | 0.4 |
| Insulin (pmol/L) | −15 (6.4) | −12 (5.8) | −5.5 (−24–12) | −0.1 | 0.5 |
| Insulin-2 h (pmol/L) | −257 (65) | −59 (55) | −196 (−385 to −7) | −0.51 | 0.04 |
| C-peptide (pmol/L) | −75 (36) | 9 (33) | −88 (−195–18) | −0.37 | 0.1 |
| C-peptide-2 h (pmol/L) | −573 (143) | −64 (153) | −445 (−886 to −6) | −0.42 | 0.04 |
| HOMA-IR | −0.7 | −0.5 | −0.1 (−0.6–0.9) | −0.12 | 0.7 |
SEM standard error of the mean, CI confidence interval, BMI body mass index, PA physical activity, MVPA moderate, vigorous and very vigorous intensity physical activity, HOMA-IR homeostasis model assessment—insulin resistance
aAdjusted for age and baseline differences
b n = 16 and 55 for the control and the intervention groups, respectively