Fig. 4.
Effect of etanercept on placental production of TNF-α and sFlt-1 from NP placental explants cultured in normoxic (6% O2-5% CO2-89% N2) or hypoxic (1% O2-5% CO2-94% N2) conditions. Placental production of TNF-α (A) and sFlt-1 (B) was significantly increased in NP placental explants in response to acute hypoxia. TNF-α levels were significantly reduced in the culture media of NP placental explants cultured in both normoxic and hypoxic conditions when in the presence of TNF-α blockade. sFlt-1 production was unaltered in the presence of etanercept with in the culture media. Placental sFlt-1 and TNF-α measurements were taken at the 22-h time point because significant changes in placental TNF-α and sFlt-1 were noted with no further increase beyond this time point. Data are analyzed using ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test, and data are expressed as means ± SE.