Table 1.
Effects of EPI on resting blood flow and VC to the individual muscles or muscle parts of the rat hindlimb
| Blood Flow, ml·min−1·100 g−1 |
VC, ml·min−1·100 g−1·mmHg−1 |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | EPI | Control | EPI | |
| Ankle extensors | ||||
| Soleus | 138 ± 13 | 93 ± 22 | 1.09 ± 0.10 | 0.81 ± 0.20 |
| Plantaris | 26 ± 6 | 12 ± 3 | 0.18 ± 0.04 | 0.10 ± 0.02 |
| Gastrocnemius, red | 46 ± 9 | 34 ± 8 | 0.36 ± 0.06 | 0.28 ± 0.06 |
| Gastrocnemius, white | 12 ± 1 | 10 ± 1 | 0.09 ± 0.01 | 0.08 ± 0.01 |
| Gastrocnemius, mixed | 19 ± 3 | 14 ± 3 | 0.15 ± 0.02 | 0.12 ± 0.02 |
| Tibialis posterior | 21 ± 3 | 20 ± 5 | 0.17 ± 0.02 | 0.17 ± 0.04 |
| Flexor digitorum longus | 25 ± 6 | 20 ± 3 | 0.20 ± 0.05 | 0.16 ± 0.03 |
| Flexor halicus longus | 17 ± 3 | 12 ± 2 | 0.13 ± 0.02 | 0.10 ± 0.02 |
| Ankle flexors | ||||
| Tibialis anterior, red | 28 ± 5 | 25 ± 6 | 0.22 ± 0.04 | 0.22 ± 0.05 |
| Tibialis anterior, white | 21 ± 3 | 14 ± 3 | 0.16 ± 0.02 | 0.12 ± 0.02 |
| Extensor digitorum longus | 16 ± 2 | 17 ± 4 | 0.13 ± 0.01 | 0.15 ± 0.03 |
| Peroneals | 18 ± 3 | 18 ± 3 | 0.14 ± 0.02 | 0.15 ± 0.03 |
| Knee extensors | ||||
| Vastus intermedius | 125 ± 26 | 87 ± 20 | 0.97 ± 0.20 | 0.75 ± 0.17 |
| Vastus medialis | 31 ± 8 | 22 ± 7 | 0.24 ± 0.06 | 0.18 ± 0.05 |
| Vastus lateralis, red | 78 ± 18 | 53 ± 11 | 0.62 ± 0.14 | 0.45 ± 0.10 |
| Vastus lateralis, white | 16 ± 2 | 12 ± 2 | 0.12 ± 0.02 | 0.10 ± 0.02 |
| Vastus lateralis, mixed | 26 ± 5 | 17 ± 4 | 0.21 ± 0.04 | 0.14 ± 0.03 |
| Rectus femoris, red | 39 ± 11 | 18 ± 5 | 0.31 ± 0.09 | 0.16 ± 0.05 |
| Rectus femoris, white | 20 ± 4 | 13 ± 3 | 0.16 ± 0.03 | 0.11 ± 0.03 |
| Knee flexors | ||||
| Biceps femoris, anterior | 12 ± 2 | 9 ± 2 | 0.09 ± 0.01 | 0.08 ± 0.02 |
| Biceps femoris, posterior | 13 ± 1 | 12 ± 3 | 0.10 ± 0.01 | 0.10 ± 0.02 |
| Semitendinosus | 15 ± 2 | 21 ± 4 | 0.12 ± 0.02 | 0.18 ± 0.04 |
| Semimembranosus, red | 18 ± 3 | 18 ± 3 | 0.14 ± 0.02 | 0.15 ± 0.03 |
| Semimembranosus, white | 13 ± 1 | 10 ± 2 | 0.10 ± 0.01 | 0.08 ± 0.01 |
| Thigh adductors | ||||
| Adductor longus | 162 ± 12 | 155 ± 15 | 1.28 ± 0.09 | 1.29 ± 0.11 |
| Adductor magnus & brevis | 21 ± 3 | 16 ± 3 | 0.16 ± 0.02 | 0.14 ± 0.02 |
| Gracilis | 16 ± 2 | 21 ± 4 | 0.13 ± 0.02 | 0.17 ± 0.03 |
| Pectinius | 37 ± 5 | 39 ± 8 | 0.29 ± 0.04 | 0.32 ± 0.06 |
Values are means ± SE; control, n = 11; and (−)-epicatechin (EPI), n = 11. There were no differences between control and EPI for any muscle or muscle part. VC, vascular conductance.