Unrooted phylogenetic trees constructed by the neighbor-joining method using the Kimura 2-parameter distance model with 1000 bootstrap replicates in the MEGA3.1 software package. The best tree was obtained from 368 bp of the VR1/K1 region of human herpesvirus type 8 (HHV-8) (A) and from 248 bp of the VR2/K1 region of HHV-8 (B). A, 27 VR1/K1 HHV-8 DNA sequences amplified from saliva samples from Brazilian Amerindians (identified as Kat, Maw, Wai, Xer, and Hex) and another 26 HHV-8 DNA sequences deposited in GenBank and representing 5 major HHV-8 groups: subtype E—Hua1, Hua2, Sio1, and Sio2 (Ecuador [20]) and Tupi1 and Tupi2 (Brazilian Amazon [19]); subtype D—ZKS3 (New Zealand [35]) and TKS10 (Taiwan [35]); subtype B—G91 and G101 (The Gambia [38]); subtype C—Arg7 (Argentine [39]), ASM-72 and BC2 (United States [35]), and IER4 (Italy [38]); subtype A—BRA/SP93 (variant A6) and BRA/SP81 and BRA/SP65 (variant A′) (South Brazil [40]); subtype A, variant A1—BCBL-R (United States [35]); subtype A, variant A4—BCBL-B (United States [35]); subtype A, variant A2—K1-40 (United States [41]); subtype A, variant A3—IER7 (Italy [38]) and K1-32/Bcb (United States [41]); and subtype A, variant A5—K1-13/Lov and K1-46 (French Guiana [42]) and BRA/SP9 and BRA/SP84 (South Brazil [40]). Open-reading-frame (ORF)K1/VR1 DNA sequences have been deposited in GenBank (accession numbers EF204999-EF205001, EF209410-EF209421, and EF375500-EF375513). B, 17 VR2/K1 HHV-8/ DNA sequences amplified from saliva samples from Brazilian Amerindians (identified as Kat, Maw, and Wai) and another 20 HHV-8 DNA sequences obtained elsewhere: subtype E—Hua1, Hua2, and Hua3 (Ecuador [20]) and Tupi1 and Tupi2 (Brazilian Amazon [19]); subtype D—ZKS3 (New Zealand [35]) and TKS10 (Taiwan [35] ); subtype B—BRA/SP19, BRA/SP43, and BRA/SP78 (South Brazil [40]), K1-57/Eti (French Guiana [41]), and W4 (Malawi [43]); subtype C—BRA/SP61 (South Brazil [40]) and BC2 (United States [35]); subtype A, variant A1— BRA/SP89 (South Brazil [40]) and BCBL-R (United States [35]); subtype A, variant A4—IFe8 (Italy [38]) and BCBL-B (United States [35]); and subtype A, variant A2—K1-40/Bc-1 (United States [41]) and Ema7 (Spain [38]). ORF K1/VR2 DNA sequences have been deposited in GenBank (accession numbers EF375514- EF375549).