Smad3-deficient ATDC5 cells (A, C) and primary chondrocytes (E, G) do not show TGF-β mediated repression of MMP-13 mRNA (A, E) or protein (C, G) at 8 h. However, the induction of MMP-13 by TGF-β at 24 h is maintained in Smad3-deficient ATDC5 cells (B, D) and is reduced but present in primary articular chondrocytes (F, H). (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.001 relative to the vehicle-treated controls in A, B, E, and F.)