Table 1.
Patient Characteristics by Chronic Kidney Disease and Hyperkalemia Status
| No CKD | CKD | K+ < 5.5 mg/dl | K+ ≥5.5 mg/dl* | Odds (OR) of K+ ≥5.5 mg/dl | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients (row %) | 174935 (71.2) | 70873 (28.8) | 212171 (86.3) | 33637 (13.7) | 245808 (100.0) | |
| Sex (column %) | ||||||
| Male | 167202 (95.6) | 68572 (96.8) | 202867 (95.6) | 32907 (97.8) | 1.00 | |
| Female | 7733 (4.4) | 2301 (3.2) | 9304 (4.4) | 730 (2.2) | 0.61 (0.57, 0.66) | |
| Race | ||||||
| White | 139213 (79.6) | 58745 (82.9) | 172054 (81.1) | 25904 (77.0) | 1.00 | |
| Black | 34000 (19.4) | 11332 (16.0) | 37958 (17.9) | 7374 (21.9) | 1.29 (1.25, 1.32) | |
| Other | 1722 (1.0) | 796 (1.1) | 2159 (1.0) | 359 (1.1) | 1.03 (0.91, 1.15) | |
| Age (median) | 61.0±0.1 | 73.0±0.1 | 64.0±0.1 | 68.0±0.1 | 1.01 (1.00, 1.01) | |
| ACE-I/ARB | ||||||
| None | 89928 (51.4) | 24410 (34.4) | 102953 (48.5) | 11385 (33.8) | 1.00 | |
| Either | 82528 (47.2) | 44047 (62.1) | 105492 (49.7) | 21083 (62.7) | 1.41 (1.37, 1.44) | |
| Both | 2479 (1.4) | 2416 (3.4) | 3726 (1.8) | 1169 (3.5) | 1.67 (1.55, 1.80) | |
| CCI | ||||||
| 0 | 86402 (49.4) | 27977 (39.5) | 101850 (48.0) | 12529 (37.2) | 1.00 | |
| 1 | 59589 (34.1) | 26786 (37.8) | 73745 (34.8) | 12630 (37.5) | 1.24 (1.20, 1.27) | |
| 2+ | 28944 (16.5) | 16110 (22.7) | 36576 (17.2) | 8478 (25.2) | 1.57 (1.51, 1.62) | |
| Cancer | ||||||
| No | 135842 (77.7) | 51359 (72.5) | 162591 (76.6) | 24610 (73.2) | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 39093 (22.3) | 19514 (27.5) | 49580 (23.4) | 9027 (26.8) | 1.16 (1.13, 1.19) | |
| Diabetes | ||||||
| No | 117799 (67.3) | 35129 (49.6) | 137417 (64.8) | 15511 (46.1) | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 57136 (32.7) | 35744 (50.4) | 74754 (35.2) | 18126 (53.9) | 1.51 (1.47, 1.55) | |
| CVD | ||||||
| No | 124946 (71.4) | 33156 (46.8) | 140886 (66.4) | 17216 (51.2) | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 49989 (28.6) | 37717 (53.2) | 71285 (33.6) | 16421 (48.8) | 1.14 (1.12, 1.17) | |
| CKD Stage | ||||||
| No CKD | 174935 (100) | 0 (0) | 159450 (75.2) | 15485 (46.0) | 1.00 | |
| Stage 31 | 0 (0) | 57798 (81.6) | 45840 (21.6) | 11958 (35.6) | 2.24 (2.17, 2.30) | |
| Stage 42 | 0 (0) | 8351 (11.8) | 4835 (2.3) | 3516 (10.5) | 5.91 (5.63, 6.20) | |
| Stage 53 | 0 (0) | 4724 (6.7) | 2046 (1.0) | 2678 (8.0) | 11.00 (10.34, 11.69) | |
*
inclusive of all hyperkalemic events
1.
Stage 3: 60 ml/min/1.73 m2>GFR≥30 ml/min/1.73 m2
2.
Stage 4: 30 ml/min/1.73 m2>GFR≥15 ml/min/1.73 m2
3.
Stage 5: GFR<15 ml/min/1.73 m2