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Flow chart for the animal study. Abbreviations: 1D, one-dosage dry needling; 5D, five-dosage dry needling; BF, biceps femoris; COX-2, cyclooxygenase-2; DRG, dorsal root ganglion; End, β-endorphin; HIF-1α, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α; iNOS, inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthases; MTrS, myofascial trigger spot; SP, substance P; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; s1D, sham one-dosage dry needling; s5D, sham five-dosage dry needling.
