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Effects of one- and five-dosage dry needling (1D, 5D) on iNOS, HIF-1α, COX-2, and VEGF expressions in a needling-treated muscle. (a) Representative Western blot images. The quantification of the protein levels for (b) iNOS, (c) HIF-1α, (d) COX-2, and (e) VEGF. Values are expressed as mean ± SD. *Indicates the significant difference (P < 0.05) between the sham groups (s1D and s5D). #Represents the significant difference (P < 0.05) between the 1D and 5D groups. DN: dry needling.
