Oral
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Cribbing
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The horse grasps a fixed object with its incisors, pulls back and draws air into its oesophagus while emitting a characteristic pharyngeal grunt.
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Lip play
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The horse moves its upper lip up and down without making contact with an object, or the horse smacks its lips together.
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Tongue play
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The horse sticks out its tongue and twists it in the air.
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Lip or teeth rubbing
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The horse rubs its upper lip or its upper teeth repetitively against the box wall.
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Repetitive licking/biting
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The horse licks or bites the box walls, box grids or external part of the feeding trough.
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Motor |
Head shaking and nodding
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The horse bobs its head repeatedly up and down or tosses its head in recurrent and sudden bouts.
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Weaving
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The horse sways laterally, moving its head, neck, forequarters and sometimes hindquarters.
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Box walking
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The horse paces a fixed route around the stall.
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Door kicking |
The horse kicks the door of the box repeatedly with its forelegs. |