Figure 2. APs configurations of PV cardiac myocytes with and without rapidly atrial pacemaking.

(A): APs of control cells with rest potential of –65 ± 3 mV and APD₉₀ of 282 ± 11 ms; (B): Spontaneous AP of PVs cells with maximum diastolic potentials of –63 ± 2 mV and APD₉₀ of 343 ± 14 ms. The spontaneous APs in some PVs cells were recorded directly, while APs in other cells were induced by using test current pulse of 900 pA for 5 ms at a holding potential of 0 mV. APs: action potentilas; PVs: pulmonary vein sleeves; RAP: rapid atrial pacing.