Table 1.

Reasons Specific Treatment Modalities Were Not Used: Iowa Cancer Registry Data, 2004 to 2010 (n = 13,977)^*

Reason	Irradiation (%)†	Surgery (%)‡	Chemotherapy (%)	Hormone Therapy (%)§	Immunotherapy (%)‖	Hematopoietic Transplantation/Endocrine Therapy (%)¶	Other (%)#
Treatment was not performed; no reason given	—	15.2	0.2	< 0.1	< 0.1	0	—
Death occurred before planned treatment	—	0.5	0.9	< 0.1	0	0	—
Treatment was contraindicated	—	6.8	2.8	0.1	< 0.1	0	—
Treatment was recommended but refused	1.8	4.9	4.7	0.4	< 0.1	< 0.1	< 0.1
Specific treatment was not planned	98.2	72.6	91.4	99.4	99.9	99.9	99.9

^*This table describes the 13,977 patients who did not receive treatment. Because the various treatment modalities apply to all patients, the vast majority of whom did not have the specific treatment modality planned (shown in final row), each column sums to 100%, and the total number for each column is 13,977.

^†Includes any of a number of types or combinations of radiation therapy, including beam radiation, radioactive implants, and radioisotopes.

^‡Includes only surgery intended as part of treatment; does not include surgical procedures for diagnosis/staging.

^§Hormonal agents administered as treatment.

^‖Immunotherapeutic agents (biologic response modifiers) include biologic or chemical agents designed to alter the immune system or change the host response to tumor cells.

^¶Includes bone marrow transplantation, stem-cell harvests, and surgical and/or radiation endocrine therapy.

^#Any therapy that cannot be defined as surgery, irradiation, or systemic therapy according to the definitions used by North American Association of Central Cancer Registries.