TABLE 3.
Multivariate HRs and 95% CIs for the associations of one-carbon metabolism nutrient intake with colorectal cancer by tumor stage1
| Localized |
Regional |
Distant |
||||||||||
| n | HR | (95% CI) | P-trend | n | HR | (95% CI) | P-trend | n | HR | (95% CI) | P-trend | |
| Dietary folate | ||||||||||||
| <189 DFE | 93 | 1.00 | (Ref) | 0.65 | 101 | 1.00 | (Ref) | 0.04 | 21 | 1.00 | (Ref) | 0.48 |
| 189 to <252 DFE | 80 | 0.85 | (0.63, 1.14) | 74 | 0.70 | (0.52, 0.95) | 33 | 1.65 | (0.95, 2.85) | |||
| 252 to <343 DFE | 87 | 0.93 | (0.69, 1.25) | 97 | 0.92 | (0.69, 1.21) | 27 | 1.37 | (0.77, 2.44) | |||
| ≥343 DFE | 79 | 0.89 | (0.66, 1.21) | 67 | 0.66 | (0.48, 0.91) | 27 | 1.43 | (0.80, 2.54) | |||
| Supplemental folic acid | ||||||||||||
| 0 μg | 178 | 1.00 | (Ref) | 1.00 | 183 | 1.00 | (Ref) | 0.23 | 51 | 1.00 | (Ref) | 0.39 |
| >0–400 μg | 139 | 0.91 | (0.72, 1.14) | 142 | 0.90 | (0.72, 1.12) | 52 | 1.25 | (0.85, 1.86) | |||
| >400 μg | 22 | 1.25 | (0.80, 1.95) | 14 | 0.78 | (0.45, 1.34) | 5 | 1.05 | (0.42, 2.65) | |||
| Folate, total | ||||||||||||
| <242 DFE | 87 | 1.00 | (Ref) | 0.99 | 97 | 1.00 | (Ref) | 0.12 | 27 | 1.00 | (Ref) | 0.26 |
| 242 to <542 DFE | 84 | 0.98 | (0.73, 1.33) | 87 | 0.88 | (0.66, 1.18) | 23 | 0.90 | (0.51, 1.57) | |||
| 542 to <939 DFE | 88 | 1.03 | (0.77, 1.39) | 81 | 0.84 | (0.62, 1.13) | 29 | 1.16 | (0.68, 1.97) | |||
| ≥939 DFE | 80 | 0.97 | (0.71, 1.32) | 74 | 0.77 | (0.57, 1.05) | 29 | 1.23 | (0.72, 2.09) | |||
| Dietary vitamin B-12 | ||||||||||||
| <3.52 μg | 95 | 1.00 | (Ref) | 0.59 | 85 | 1.00 | (Ref) | 0.73 | 31 | 1.00 | (Ref) | 0.40 |
| 3.52–5.14 μg | 77 | 0.79 | (0.58, 1.07) | 84 | 0.97 | (0.72, 1.31) | 27 | 0.88 | (0.53, 1.48) | |||
| 5.15–7.27 μg | 78 | 0.78 | (0.57, 1.05) | 84 | 0.94 | (0.69, 1.27) | 25 | 0.80 | (0.47, 1.37) | |||
| >7.27 μg | 89 | 0.89 | (0.66, 1.19) | 86 | 0.95 | (0.70, 1.29) | 25 | 0.80 | (0.47, 1.36) | |||
| Supplemental vitamin B-12 | ||||||||||||
| 0 (μg) | 174 | 1.00 | (Ref) | 0.98 | 178 | 1.00 | (Ref) | 0.10 | 51 | 1.00 | (Ref) | 0.99 |
| >0–6.0 (μg) | 120 | 0.91 | (0.72, 1.15) | 127 | 0.94 | (0.74, 1.18) | 44 | 1.21 | (0.80, 1.82) | |||
| >6.0 (μg) | 45 | 0.99 | (0.71, 1.38) | 34 | 0.73 | (0.51, 1.06) | 13 | 1.02 | (0.55, 1.89) | |||
| Vitamin B-12, total | ||||||||||||
| <5.13 μg | 88 | 1.00 | (Ref) | 0.58 | 79 | 1.00 | (Ref) | 0.19 | 31 | 1.00 | (Ref) | 0.85 |
| 5.13–8.98 μg | 88 | 0.97 | (0.72, 1.31) | 96 | 1.17 | (0.87, 1.58) | 24 | 0.78 | (0.46, 1.33) | |||
| 8.99–12.87 μg | 82 | 0.91 | (0.67, 1.23) | 97 | 1.19 | (0.88, 1.60) | 27 | 0.91 | (0.54, 1.53) | |||
| >12.87 μg | 81 | 0.92 | (0.68, 1.25) | 67 | 0.84 | (0.61, 1.17) | 26 | 0.89 | (0.53, 1.51) | |||
| Dietary vitamin B-6 | ||||||||||||
| <1.16 mg | 95 | 1.00 | (Ref) | 0.25 | 92 | 1.00 | (Ref) | 0.02 | 33 | 1.00 | (Ref) | 0.96 |
| 1.16–1.53 mg | 84 | 0.88 | (0.65, 1.18) | 95 | 1.01 | (0.75, 1.34) | 19 | 0.61 | (0.35, 1.07) | |||
| 1.54–1.99 mg | 79 | 0.81 | (0.60, 1.10) | 81 | 0.83 | (0.62, 1.13) | 29 | 0.94 | (0.56, 1.55) | |||
| >1.99 mg | 81 | 0.84 | (0.62, 1.13) | 71 | 0.73 | (0.53, 0.99) | 27 | 0.88 | (0.52, 1.48) | |||
| Supplemental vitamin B-6 | ||||||||||||
| 0 mg | 177 | 1.00 | (Ref) | 0.80 | 180 | 1.00 | (Ref) | 0.03 | 49 | 1.00 | (Ref) | 0.23 |
| >0–2.0 mg | 117 | 0.88 | (0.69, 1.11) | 127 | 0.93 | (0.74, 1.17) | 41 | 1.18 | (0.77, 1.80) | |||
| >2.0 mg | 45 | 0.94 | (0.67, 1.30) | 32 | 0.66 | (0.45, 0.96) | 18 | 1.42 | (0.82, 2.44) | |||
| Vitamin B-6, total | ||||||||||||
| <1.52 mg | 92 | 1.00 | (Ref) | 0.25 | 92 | 1.00 | (Ref) | 0.01 | 29 | 1.00 | (Ref) | 0.21 |
| 1.52–2.74 mg | 88 | 0.94 | (0.70, 1.27) | 89 | 0.93 | (0.69, 1.24) | 20 | 0.72 | (0.41, 1.28) | |||
| 2.75–3.88 mg | 84 | 0.90 | (0.67, 1.21) | 98 | 1.03 | (0.77, 1.37) | 28 | 1.04 | (0.61, 1.76) | |||
| >3.89 mg | 75 | 0.84 | (0.61, 1.14) | 60 | 0.65 | (0.47, 0.90) | 31 | 1.20 | (0.72, 2.02) | |||
| Dietary riboflavin | ||||||||||||
| <1.37 mg | 83 | 1.00 | (Ref) | 0.96 | 81 | 1.00 | (Ref) | 0.40 | 30 | 1.00 | (Ref) | 0.49 |
| 1.37–1.84 mg | 85 | 0.97 | (0.72, 1.32) | 86 | 1.02 | (0.75, 1.38) | 31 | 1.05 | (0.64, 1.75) | |||
| 1.85–2.43 mg | 79 | 0.88 | (0.65, 1.20) | 94 | 1.07 | (0.80, 1.45) | 20 | 0.67 | (0.38, 1.19) | |||
| >2.43 mg | 92 | 1.01 | (0.75, 1.37) | 78 | 0.87 | (0.64, 1.20) | 27 | 0.90 | (0.53, 1.54) | |||
| Supplemental riboflavin | ||||||||||||
| 0 mg | 181 | 1.00 | (Ref) | 0.52 | 182 | 1.00 | (Ref) | 0.048 | 51 | 1.00 | (Ref) | 0.50 |
| >0–1.7 mg | 121 | 0.88 | (0.70, 1.11) | 129 | 0.93 | (0.74, 1.17) | 43 | 1.18 | (0.78, 1.78) | |||
| >1.7 mg | 37 | 0.88 | (0.62, 1.26) | 28 | 0.66 | (0.45, 0.99) | 14 | 1.24 | (0.68, 2.25) | |||
| Riboflavin, total | ||||||||||||
| <1.80 mg | 85 | 1.00 | (Ref) | 0.30 | 84 | 1.00 | (Ref) | 0.04 | 35 | 1.00 | (Ref) | 0.90 |
| 1.80–2.87 mg | 92 | 1.03 | (0.76, 1.38) | 92 | 1.03 | (0.77, 1.39) | 18 | 0.51 | (0.29, 0.91) | |||
| 2.88–3.97 mg | 86 | 0.97 | (0.71, 1.31) | 101 | 1.14 | (0.85, 1.53) | 26 | 0.78 | (0.46, 1.30) | |||
| >3.97 mg | 76 | 0.87 | (0.64, 1.19) | 62 | 0.71 | (0.51, 0.99) | 29 | 0.88 | (0.53, 1.46) | |||
1
A Cox model adjusted for age, BMI (in kg/m2; <25, 25 to <30, 30 to <35, or ≥35), race-ethnicity (white, black, or other), past medical history of colonoscopy (yes or no), smoking status (never, past, or current), physical activity (0 to 3, 3 to <11.75, or ≥11.75 metabolic equivalent task hours/wk), and postmenopausal hormone use (never, past, or current). DFE, dietary folate equivalent; Ref, reference.