TABLE 5.
Multivariate HRs and 95% CIs for the associations of one-carbon metabolism nutrient intake with colorectal cancer by alcohol use1
| Nondrinkers(never or past drinkers) | Current drinkers(<1 drink/wk) | Current drinkers(≥1 drink/wk) | |||||||||||
| Cases | HR | (95% CI) | Cases | HR | (95% CI) | Cases | HR | (95% CI) | P-interaction2 | ||||
| Dietary folate | 0.89 | ||||||||||||
| <189 DFE | 65 | 1.00 | (Ref) | 84 | 1.00 | (Ref) | 71 | 1.00 | (Ref) | ||||
| 189 to <252 DFE | 62 | 1.12 | (0.79, 1.59) | 59 | 0.71 | (0.50, 0.99) | 73 | 0.85 | (0.61, 1.18) | ||||
| 252 to <343 DFE | 55 | 1.08 | (0.75, 1.55) | 78 | 0.95 | (0.70, 1.30) | 82 | 0.91 | (0.66, 1.26) | ||||
| ≥343 DFE | 48 | 0.86 | (0.59, 1.26) | 62 | 0.80 | (0.57, 1.12) | 67 | 0.85 | (0.61, 1.19) | ||||
| P-trend | 0.35 | 0.45 | 0.49 | ||||||||||
| Supplemental folic acid | 0.01 | ||||||||||||
| 0 μg | 126 | 1.00 | (Ref) | 164 | 1.00 | (Ref) | 134 | 1.00 | (Ref) | ||||
| >0–400 μg | 89 | 0.99 | (0.75, 1.30) | 110 | 0.75 | (0.59, 0.96) | 141 | 1.11 | (0.88, 1.41) | ||||
| >400 μg | 15 | 1.35 | (0.79, 2.32) | 9 | 0.54 | (0.28, 1.06) | 18 | 1.30 | (0.80, 2.14) | ||||
| P-trend | 0.56 | <0.01 | 0.23 | ||||||||||
| Folate, total | 0.02 | ||||||||||||
| <242 DFE | 71 | 1.00 | (Ref) | 89 | 1.00 | (Ref) | 57 | 1.00 | (Ref) | ||||
| 242 to <542 DFE | 53 | 0.88 | (0.62, 1.26) | 75 | 0.85 | (0.63, 1.16) | 71 | 1.11 | (0.78, 1.58) | ||||
| 542 to <939 DFE | 56 | 0.99 | (0.70, 1.41) | 58 | 0.63 | (0.45, 0.89) | 90 | 1.42 | (1.02, 1.98) | ||||
| ≥939 DFE | 50 | 0.94 | (0.65, 1.36) | 61 | 0.71 | (0.51, 0.98) | 75 | 1.17 | (0.82, 1.65) | ||||
| P-trend | 0.99 | <0.01 | 0.15 | ||||||||||
| Dietary vitamin B-12 | 0.28 | ||||||||||||
| <3.52 μg | 70 | 1.00 | (Ref) | 77 | 1.00 | (Ref) | 68 | 1.00 | (Ref) | ||||
| 3.52–5.14 μg | 57 | 0.96 | (0.67, 1.36) | 68 | 0.86 | (0.62, 1.19) | 67 | 0.86 | (0.61, 1.20) | ||||
| 5.15–7.27 μg | 44 | 0.74 | (0.51, 1.09) | 75 | 0.90 | (0.65, 1.24) | 74 | 0.91 | (0.65, 1.27) | ||||
| >7.27 μg | 59 | 0.90 | (0.63, 1.28) | 63 | 0.74 | (0.53, 1.04) | 84 | 1.12 | (0.81, 1.54) | ||||
| P-trend | 0.44 | 0.11 | 0.30 | ||||||||||
| Supplemental vitamin B-12 | 0.25 | ||||||||||||
| 0 μg | 121 | 1.00 | (Ref) | 159 | 1.00 | (Ref) | 134 | 1.00 | (Ref) | ||||
| >0–6.0 μg | 80 | 1.07 | (0.80, 1.42) | 97 | 0.78 | (0.60, 1.00) | 122 | 1.08 | (0.85, 1.39) | ||||
| >6.0 μg | 29 | 1.01 | (0.67, 1.52) | 27 | 0.64 | (0.42, 0.96) | 37 | 1.02 | (0.71, 1.47) | ||||
| P-trend | 0.97 | 0.04 | 0.96 | ||||||||||
| Vitamin B-12, total | 0.03 | ||||||||||||
| <5.13 μg | 65 | 1.00 | (Ref) | 77 | 1.00 | (Ref) | 60 | 1.00 | (Ref) | ||||
| 5.13–8.98 μg | 53 | 0.89 | (0.62, 1.28) | 90 | 1.10 | (0.81, 1.49) | 74 | 1.14 | (0.81, 1.60) | ||||
| 8.99–12.87 μg | 58 | 1.08 | (0.76, 1.54) | 66 | 0.81 | (0.58, 1.13) | 86 | 1.24 | (0.89, 1.73) | ||||
| >12.87 μg | 54 | 0.97 | (0.67, 1.40) | 50 | 0.62 | (0.43, 0.88) | 73 | 1.15 | (0.81, 1.62) | ||||
| P-trend | 0.93 | <0.01 | 0.49 | ||||||||||
| Dietary vitamin B-6 | 0.45 | ||||||||||||
| <1.16 mg | 71 | 1.00 | (Ref) | 84 | 1.00 | (Ref) | 69 | 1.00 | (Ref) | ||||
| 1.16–1.53 mg | 51 | 0.86 | (0.60, 1.23) | 75 | 0.91 | (0.66, 1.24) | 76 | 0.93 | (0.67, 1.29) | ||||
| 1.54–1.99 mg | 58 | 1.02 | (0.71, 1.44) | 68 | 0.79 | (0.57, 1.10) | 71 | 0.84 | (0.60, 1.18) | ||||
| >1.99 mg | 50 | 0.84 | (0.58, 1.21) | 56 | 0.67 | (0.48, 0.95) | 77 | 0.92 | (0.66, 1.28) | ||||
| P-trend | 0.50 | 0.02 | 0.60 | ||||||||||
| Supplemental vitamin B-6 | 0.07 | ||||||||||||
| 0 mg | 125 | 1.00 | (Ref) | 160 | 1.00 | (Ref) | 132 | 1.00 | (Ref) | ||||
| >0–2.0 mg | 79 | 1.02 | (0.77, 1.36) | 97 | 0.77 | (0.60, 1.00) | 117 | 1.06 | (0.83, 1.37) | ||||
| >2.0 mg | 26 | 0.86 | (0.56, 1.32) | 26 | 0.60 | (0.39, 0.91) | 44 | 1.16 | (0.82, 1.63) | ||||
| P-trend | 0.45 | 0.03 | 0.44 | ||||||||||
| Vitamin B-6, total | <0.01 | ||||||||||||
| <1.52 mg | 64 | 1.00 | (Ref) | 91 | 1.00 | (Ref) | 62 | 1.00 | (Ref) | ||||
| 1.52–2.74 mg | 63 | 1.16 | (0.82, 1.65) | 75 | 0.79 | (0.58, 1.08) | 67 | 0.94 | (0.67, 1.34) | ||||
| 2.75–3.88 mg | 58 | 1.16 | (0.81, 1.66) | 71 | 0.73 | (0.53, 1.00) | 86 | 1.17 | (0.84, 1.63) | ||||
| >3.88 mg | 45 | 0.93 | (0.63, 1.37) | 46 | 0.50 | (0.35, 0.72) | 78 | 1.10 | (0.79, 1.55) | ||||
| P-trend | 0.56 | <0.01 | 0.38 | ||||||||||
| Dietary riboflavin | 0.46 | ||||||||||||
| <1.37 mg | 66 | 1.00 | (Ref) | 72 | 1.00 | (Ref) | 61 | 1.00 | (Ref) | ||||
| 1.37–1.84 mg | 55 | 1.03 | (0.72, 1.48) | 68 | 0.89 | (0.63, 1.24) | 82 | 1.11 | (0.79, 1.54) | ||||
| 1.85–2.43 mg | 54 | 1.00 | (0.69, 1.44) | 80 | 0.98 | (0.71, 1.35) | 68 | 0.90 | (0.64, 1.28) | ||||
| >2.43 mg | 55 | 0.97 | (0.67, 1.40) | 63 | 0.74 | (0.52, 1.04) | 82 | 1.13 | (0.81, 1.58) | ||||
| P-trend | 0.85 | 0.11 | 0.65 | ||||||||||
| Supplemental riboflavin | 0.08 | ||||||||||||
| 0 mg | 128 | 1.00 | (Ref) | 162 | 1.00 | (Ref) | 135 | 1.00 | (Ref) | ||||
| >0–1.7 mg | 82 | 1.03 | (0.77, 1.36) | 98 | 0.77 | (0.59, 0.99) | 121 | 1.07 | (0.83, 1.37) | ||||
| >1.7 mg | 20 | 0.76 | (0.47, 1.21) | 23 | 0.60 | (0.39, 0.93) | 37 | 1.11 | (0.77, 1.60) | ||||
| P-trend | 0.24 | 0.03 | 0.57 | ||||||||||
| Riboflavin, total | 0.02 | ||||||||||||
| <1.80 mg | 66 | 1.00 | (Ref) | 82 | 1.00 | (Ref) | 60 | 1.00 | (Ref) | ||||
| 1.80–2.87 mg | 62 | 1.05 | (0.74, 1.49) | 82 | 0.90 | (0.66, 1.23) | 68 | 1.01 | (0.71, 1.42) | ||||
| 2.88–3.97 mg | 57 | 1.08 | (0.76, 1.56) | 66 | 0.72 | (0.52, 1.01) | 93 | 1.30 | (0.94, 1.80) | ||||
| >3.97 mg | 45 | 0.86 | (0.58, 1.26) | 53 | 0.57 | (0.40, 0.81) | 72 | 1.07 | (0.76, 1.51) | ||||
| P-trend | 0.41 | <0.01 | 0.60 | ||||||||||
1
A Cox model adjusted for age, BMI (in kg/m2; <25, 25 to <30, 30 to <35, or ≥35), race-ethnicity (white, black, or other), past medical history of colonoscopy (yes or no), smoking status (never, past, or current), physical activity (0 to 3, 3 to <11.75, or ≥11.75 metabolic equivalent task hours/wk), and postmenopausal hormone use (never, past, or current). DFE, dietary folate equivalent; Ref, reference.
2
P value for test of interaction between the linear trend variable of interest and alcohol use categories.