Fig. 4.

A pH-sensing mechanism. A close-up view of pH-sensing residues Glu982 and Asp1037, which are buried in the M-PTC in the vicinity of intra-PTC charge-charge interactions. Key residues in the interface are shown as ball-and-stick models. Hydrogen bonds and charge-charge interactions are indicated by dotted lines. A simulated-annealing omit map of the M-PTC contoured at 1 σ was overlaid with the final refined model.