Table 4.
Saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated fatty acid profile (% of fatty acids) and desaturase index during the lactation period (210days)
| LACTATION STAGE | Effect of Lactation stage1 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
|
15 d |
30 d |
45 d |
60 d |
90 d |
120 d |
150 d |
180 d |
210 d |
|
|
Saturated Fatty Acids (SFA) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Butyric Acid |
C4:0 |
0.51 |
0.61 |
0.28 |
0.51 |
0.4 |
0.57 |
0.59 |
0.15 |
0.23 |
* |
|
Caproic Acid |
C6:0 |
0.52 |
0.72 |
0.58 |
0.72 |
0.71 |
0.64 |
0.61 |
0.37 |
0.59 |
* |
|
Heptanoic Acid |
C7:0 |
0.02 |
0.01 |
0.02 |
0.01 |
0.01 |
0.03 |
0.02 |
0.01 |
0.03 |
ns |
|
Caprylic Acid |
C8:0 |
5.30 |
6.76 |
6.13 |
6.87 |
6.07 |
4.57 |
4.39 |
3.79 |
4.73 |
* |
|
Nonanoic Acid |
C9:0 |
0.04 |
0.03 |
0.03 |
0.03 |
0.03 |
0.03 |
0.03 |
0.04 |
0.03 |
ns |
|
Capric acid |
C10:0 |
12.01 |
13.46 |
11.75 |
11.93 |
9.82 |
7.62 |
7.19 |
5.82 |
6.66 |
** |
|
Undecanoic acid |
C11:0 |
0.03 |
0.03 |
0.02 |
0.02 |
0.02 |
0.02 |
0.02 |
0.02 |
0.01 |
ns |
|
Lauric acid |
C12:0 |
10.82 |
10.87 |
9.47 |
9.27 |
7.55 |
6.42 |
5.84 |
4.44 |
5.32 |
** |
|
Tridecanoic acid |
C13:0 |
0.04 |
0.05 |
0.06 |
0.06 |
0.05 |
0.04 |
0.03 |
0.03 |
0.04 |
ns |
|
Myristic Acid |
C14:0 |
8.66 |
7.80 |
7.20 |
6.82 |
5.79 |
5.60 |
5.08 |
3.91 |
4.95 |
** |
|
Pentadecanoic Acid |
C15:0 |
0.22 |
0.23 |
0.23 |
0.23 |
0.24 |
0.23 |
0.23 |
0.20 |
0.22 |
ns |
|
Palmitic Acid |
C16:0 |
22.37 |
18.33 |
19.56 |
19.06 |
18.53 |
19.61 |
20.83 |
19.82 |
19.47 |
* |
|
Margaric acid |
C17:0 |
0.22 |
0.22 |
0.24 |
0.24 |
0.26 |
0.26 |
0.24 |
0.22 |
0.22 |
ns |
|
Stearic Acid |
C18:0 |
1.88 |
1.48 |
1.64 |
1.99 |
1.68 |
1.75 |
1.52 |
1.49 |
1.44 |
ns |
|
Arachidic Acid |
C20:0 |
0.10 |
0.09 |
0.08 |
0.09 |
0.09 |
0.10 |
0.08 |
0.09 |
0.07 |
ns |
|
Heneicosanoic Acid |
C21:0 |
0.03 |
0.04 |
0.02 |
0.04 |
0.03 |
0.02 |
0.02 |
0.03 |
0.02 |
ns |
|
Behenic Acid |
C22:0 |
0.04 |
0.10 |
0.15 |
0.06 |
0.07 |
0.19 |
0.15 |
0.05 |
0.04 |
ns |
|
Lignoceric Acid |
C24:0 |
0.06 |
0.11 |
0.07 |
0.08 |
0.09 |
0.09 |
0.06 |
0.08 |
0.06 |
ns |
|
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids (MUFA) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
Decenoic Acid |
C10:1 |
1.38 |
1.64 |
1.25 |
1.36 |
1.08 |
0.91 |
0.84 |
0.76 |
1.20 |
* |
|
Dodecenoic Acid |
C12:1 |
0.17 |
0.18 |
0.14 |
0.15 |
0.11 |
0.11 |
0.10 |
0.08 |
0.13 |
ns |
|
Tridecenoic acid |
C13:1 |
0.04 |
0.04 |
0.04 |
0.04 |
0.04 |
0.04 |
0.03 |
0.09 |
0.05 |
ns |
|
Myristoleic Acid |
C14:1 |
0.38 |
0.34 |
0.29 |
0.26 |
0.21 |
0.26 |
0.25 |
0.21 |
0.32 |
* |
|
Pentadecenoic acid |
C15:1 |
0.07 |
0.08 |
0.08 |
0.06 |
0.07 |
0.07 |
0.06 |
0.06 |
0.08 |
ns |
|
Palmitoleic Acid |
C16:1 |
3.02 |
2.79 |
2.98 |
2.36 |
2.28 |
3.22 |
4.23 |
4.48 |
5.67 |
* |
|
Heptadecenoic Acid |
C17:1 |
0.30 |
0.29 |
0.33 |
0.33 |
0.31 |
0.34 |
0.38 |
0.31 |
0.40 |
ns |
|
Oleic Acid |
C18:1 n-9 |
17.55 |
16.65 |
18.62 |
19.36 |
21.29 |
23.74 |
25.05 |
27.57 |
23.73 |
** |
|
Gadoleic Acid |
C20:1 n-9 |
0.25 |
0.31 |
0.37 |
0.42 |
0.45 |
0.49 |
0.38 |
0.39 |
0.34 |
ns |
|
Erucic Acid |
C22:1 n-9 |
0.40 |
0.31 |
0.64 |
0.44 |
0.75 |
0.81 |
0.59 |
0.46 |
0.37 |
ns |
|
Nervonic Acid |
C24:1 |
0.01 |
0.02 |
0.03 |
0.01 |
0.02 |
0.01 |
0.01 |
0.05 |
0.02 |
ns |
|
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Linoleic Acid |
C18:2 n-6 |
8.83 |
9.76 |
10.76 |
11.20 |
15.15 |
14.64 |
12.93 |
17.20 |
11.03 |
** |
|
Linolenic Acid |
C18:3 n-3 |
3.85 |
5.71 |
5.63 |
4.81 |
5.20 |
5.99 |
6.96 |
6.36 |
11.17 |
** |
|
Stearidonic Acid |
C18:4 n-3 |
0.01 |
0.02 |
0.02 |
0.02 |
0.02 |
0.03 |
0.03 |
0.03 |
0.03 |
ns |
|
Eicosadienoic Acid |
C20:2 n-6 |
0.22 |
0.20 |
0.30 |
0.29 |
0.36 |
0.34 |
0.23 |
0.24 |
0.19 |
ns |
|
Eicosatrienoic Acid |
C20:3 n-3 |
0.03 |
0.03 |
0.03 |
0.03 |
0.04 |
0.03 |
0.03 |
0.04 |
0.03 |
ns |
|
Arachidonic Acid |
C20:4 n-6 |
0.08 |
0.13 |
0.08 |
0.08 |
0.08 |
0.08 |
0.09 |
0.10 |
0.11 |
ns |
|
Eicosatetraenoic Acid |
C20:4 n-3 |
0.10 |
0.10 |
0.14 |
0.14 |
0.13 |
0.13 |
0.16 |
0.14 |
0.24 |
ns |
|
Eicosapentaenoic Acid |
C20:5 n-3 |
0.23 |
0.30 |
0.56 |
0.48 |
0.65 |
0.71 |
0.49 |
0.55 |
0.51 |
ns |
|
Docosadienoic Acid |
C22:2 n-6 |
0.05 |
0.06 |
0.08 |
0.06 |
0.10 |
0.11 |
0.12 |
0.10 |
0.09 |
ns |
|
Docosatrienoic Acid |
C22:3 n-3 |
0.00 |
0.01 |
0.00 |
0.02 |
0.01 |
0.01 |
0.01 |
0.01 |
0.01 |
ns |
|
Docosatetraenoic Acid |
C22:4 n-6 |
0.05 |
0.05 |
0.05 |
0.04 |
0.07 |
0.09 |
0.03 |
0.05 |
0.03 |
ns |
|
Docosapentaenoic Acid |
C22:5 n-3 |
0.04 |
0.03 |
0.07 |
0.03 |
0.03 |
0.04 |
0.04 |
0.13 |
0.05 |
ns |
|
Docosahesaenoic Acid |
C22:6 n-3 |
0.04 |
0.01 |
0.03 |
0.02 |
0.02 |
0.02 |
0.02 |
0.03 |
0.02 |
ns |
|
Δ9-desaturase ratiosa |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
cis-9 14:1 |
0.04 |
0.04 |
0.04 |
0.04 |
0.03 |
0.04 |
0.05 |
0.06 |
0.06 |
* |
| |
cis-9 16:1 |
0.12 |
0.13 |
0.13 |
0.11 |
0.11 |
0.14 |
0.16 |
0.17 |
0.22 |
** |
| cis-9 18:1 | 0.90 | 0.92 | 0.92 | 0.91 | 0.93 | 0.93 | 0.94 | 0.95 | 0.94 | ** | |
a Ratio of the Δ9-desaturase product divided by the sum of Δ9-desaturase product and product as described in Materials and Methods.
1ns (non-significant): P>0.05; * P<0.05; ** P<0.01.