Table 1.
Crude odds ratios for dizziness in 391 community-dwelling older adults
| Correlates | No dizzy n (%) | Dizzy n (%) | p-Value | Odds ratio | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Female gender |
123 (57.2) |
126 (71.6) |
0.003 |
1.88 |
1.23-2.88 |
|
Age Group (ref 65–69 years) |
|
|
|
|
|
| 65-69 years |
84 (39.1) |
64 (36.4) |
|
|
|
| 70-74 years |
58 (27.0) |
60 (34.1) |
0.217 |
1.35 |
0.83-2.20 |
| 75-79 years |
41 (19.1) |
30 (17.0) |
0.890 |
0.96 |
0.54-1.70 |
| 80 years and over |
32 (14.9) |
22 (12.5) |
0.750 |
0.90 |
0.47-1.69 |
|
Years of Schooling (ref Illiterate) |
|
|
|
|
|
| Illiterate |
52 (24.2) |
46 (26.1) |
|
|
|
| 1 to 4 years |
86 (40.0) |
77 (43.8) |
0.962 |
1.01 |
0.61-1.67 |
| 5 to 8 years |
41 (19.1) |
25 (14.2) |
0.252 |
0.68 |
0.36-1.30 |
| 9 years and over |
36 (16.7) |
28 915.9) |
0.690 |
0.87 |
0.46-1.65 |
|
Income level (ref up to 1)† |
|
|
|
|
|
| Up to 1 |
125 (59.5) |
104 (61.9) |
|
|
|
| 1.0 to 3.0 |
59 (28.1) |
45 (26.8) |
0.715 |
0.91 |
0.57-1.46 |
| 3.1 and over |
26 (12.4) |
19 (11.3) |
0.694 |
0.87 |
0.46-1.67 |
|
Living alone (yes) |
28 (13.0) |
33 (18.0) |
0.122 |
1.541 |
0.890–2.668 |
|
Health Perception (ref very good) |
|
|
|
|
|
| Very good |
117 (54.4) |
63 (35.8) |
|
|
|
| Average |
84 (39.1) |
97 (55.1) |
<0.001 |
2.14 |
1.40-3.27 |
| Bad and Very Bad |
14 (6.5) |
16 (9.1) |
0.059 |
2.12 |
0.97-4.63 |
|
Diseases |
|
|
|
|
|
| Heart disease |
31 (14.4) |
39 (22.2) |
0.048 |
1.69 |
1.04-2.84 |
| Hypertension |
145 (67.4) |
127 (72.2) |
0.314 |
1.25 |
0.80-1.93 |
| Stroke |
9 (4.2) |
8 (4.5) |
0.862 |
1.09 |
0.41-2.88 |
| Diabetes |
46 (21.4) |
36 (20.5) |
0.820 |
0.94 |
0.57-1.54 |
| Arthritis |
75 (34.9) |
75 (42.6) |
0.118 |
1.38 |
0.92-2.08 |
| Pulmomary disease |
19 (8.8) |
12 (6.8) |
0.463 |
0.75 |
0.35-1.60 |
| Osteoporosis |
58 (27.0) |
73 (41.5) |
0.003 |
1.91 |
1.25-2.93 |
|
Geriatric Conditions |
|
|
|
|
|
| Fatigue |
47 (21.9) |
73 (41.5) |
<0.001 |
2.53 |
1.63-3.93 |
| Polypharmacy |
46 (21.4) |
41 (23.3) |
0.653 |
1.11 |
0.69-1.79 |
| Comorbidity |
133 (61.9) |
121 (68.8) |
0.156 |
1.35 |
0.89-2.06 |
| Memory problems |
90 (41.9) |
96 (54.5) |
0.013 |
1.66 |
1.11-2.49 |
| Excessive sleepiness |
30 (14.0) |
46 (26.1) |
0.003 |
2.18 |
1.30-3.64 |
| Fear of falling |
129 (60.0) |
131 (74.4) |
0.003 |
1.94 |
1.25-2.99 |
| Depressive symptoms‡ |
44 (20.5) |
74 (42.0) |
<0.001 |
2.82 |
1.80-4.40 |
|
Geriatric Syndromes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Falls |
71 (33.2) |
75 (42.9) |
0.050 |
1.51 |
0.99-2.28 |
| Recurrent falls |
23 (10.7) |
41 (23.4) |
0.001 |
2.54 |
1.45-4.43 |
| No frail (ref) |
90 (41.9) |
54 (30.7) |
|
|
|
| Pre Frail § |
101 (47.0) |
98 (55.7) |
0.031 |
1.61 |
1.04-2.50 |
| Frail § |
24 (11.2) |
24 (13.6) |
0.129 |
1.66 |
0.83-3.21 |
| Disability (ref 0 ADLs) | 16 (7.4) | 24 (13.6) | 0.047 | 1.96 | 1.00-3.82 |
Notes: MWS= Minimum Wage Salary; ADL = Activities of Daily Living.
† Income Level is presented in Minimum Wage Salaries.
‡ Depressive symptoms identified by ≥ 5 points in Geriatric Depression Scale.
§ Pre –Frail and frail identified by 1 or 2 and 3 or more of the following criteria, respectively: unintentional weight loss, weaknesses, low physical activity, slow walking speed and fatigue.
†† Number of missing values: Income Level = 13 (3.3%), Fall = 2 (0.5%); Recurrent Falls = 2 (0.5%).