Table 2.
Biomarkers# of dietary exposure by quintiles of dietary indices for girls (mean and 95% CI)*
| Index | 1. Quintile | 3. Quintile | 5. Quintile | ß | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ferritin μg/l |
HFD |
35.2 |
32.6 |
33.5 |
−0.354 |
.328 |
| N=2,523 |
32.8-37.5 |
30.1-35.1 |
31.1-36.0 |
|
|
|
|
HuSKY |
35.1 |
34.0 |
33.7 |
−0.183 |
.589 |
|
| 32.6-37.5 |
31.4-36.6 |
31.3-36.1 |
|
|
||
|
IFI |
33.9 |
34.8 |
34.1 |
−0.127 |
.782 |
|
| 31.3-36.5 |
31.7-37.9 |
31.4-36.7 |
|
|
||
| Fruit/vegetable intake |
33.0 |
34.6 |
33.6 |
0.240 |
.529 |
|
| 30.4-35.7 |
31.5-37.8 |
31.3-35.9 |
|
|
||
|
HbA1c % |
HFD |
4.80 |
4.84 |
4.81 |
−0.002 |
.891 |
| N=2,494 |
4.74-4.86 |
4.79-4.89 |
4.76-4.85 |
|
|
|
|
HuSKY |
4.84 |
4.80 |
4.80 |
−0.009 |
.212 |
|
| 4.78-4.90 |
4.75-4.86 |
4.74-4.85 |
|
|
||
|
IFI |
4.83 |
4.80 |
4.83 |
0.005 |
.528 |
|
| 4.77-4.88 |
4.74-4.85 |
4.78-4.89 |
|
|
||
| Fruit/vegetable intake |
4.83 |
4.83 |
4.80 |
−0.011 |
.136 |
|
| 4.77-4.88 |
4.77-4.89 |
4.75-4.86 |
|
|
||
| Folate (First period) ng/ml |
HFD |
450.7 |
482.6 |
490.5 |
9.859 |
.010 |
| N=1,502 |
423.6-477.8 |
457.9-507.3 |
463.5-517.5 |
|
|
|
|
HuSKY |
468.8 |
466.8 |
471.8 |
−0.929 |
.786 |
|
| 442.1-495.6 |
434.4-499.2 |
448.0-495.6 |
|
|
||
|
IFI |
471.6 |
458.0 |
490.0 |
4.700 |
.142 |
|
| 446.0-497.2 |
434.9-481.1 |
460.9-519.1 |
|
|
||
| Fruit/vegetable intake |
435.4 |
482.3 |
489.4 |
7.814 |
.017 |
|
| 410.6-460.3 |
457.0-507.6 |
464.8-514.0 |
|
|
||
| Folate (Second period) ng/ml |
HFD |
608.5 |
668.7 |
675.9 |
15.784 |
<.001 |
| N=947 |
570.2-646.8 |
630.9-706.5 |
649.1-702.8 |
|
|
|
|
HuSKY |
622.3 |
665.4 |
675.6 |
13.293 |
<.001 |
|
| 587.0-657.7 |
624.8-706.1 |
671.4-709.5 |
|
|
||
|
IFI |
629.9 |
670.6 |
648.8 |
8.685 |
.094 |
|
| 593.5-666.3 |
634.8-706.4 |
620.5-677.1 |
|
|
||
| Fruit/vegetable intake |
624.4 |
643.1 |
679.0 |
9.936 |
.044 |
|
| 582.9-665.8 |
607.3-679.0 |
643.4-714.6 |
|
|
||
| Vitamin B12 ng/1 |
HFD |
445.0 |
485.7 |
457.0 |
0.962 |
.455 |
| N=2,518 | ||||||
| 421.4-468.5 |
463.5-507.8 |
436.4-477.6 |
|
|
||
|
HuSKY |
474.8 |
458.3 |
471.5 |
−0.751 |
.857 |
|
| 443.6-505.7 |
432.2-484.4 |
445.8-497.3 |
|
|
||
|
IFI |
444.9 |
488.4 |
486.1 |
10.870 |
.003 |
|
| 419.9-469.9 |
457.6-519.1 |
460.7-511.5 |
|
|
||
| Fruit/vegetable intake | 479.9 |
464.7 |
458.8 |
−3.606 |
.060 |
|
| 453.9-505.9 | 437.6-491.9 | 436.0-481.6 |
Abbreviation: CI (Confidence interval), HbA1c (Glycohaemoglobin), HFD (Healthy Food Diversity Index), HuSKY (Healthy Nutrition Score for Kids and Youth), IFI (Indicator Food Index).
*P values less than 0.05 (bold) were considered statistically significant.
#adjusted for age, energy intake, BMI, alcohol consumption, season, physical activity, smoking status, and family socio-economic index.