Table 4.
Biomarkers# of cardiovascular status by quintiles of dietary indices for girls (mean and 95% CI)*
| Index | 1. Quintile | 3. Quintile | 5. Quintile | ß | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Homocysteine μmol/l |
HFD |
8.09 |
7.88 |
7.69 |
−0.074 |
.038 |
| N=2,522 |
7.80-8.39 |
7.60-8.16 |
7.49-7.89 |
|
|
|
|
HuSKY |
8.37 |
7.88 |
7.83 |
−0.108 |
.007 |
|
| 8.03-8.71 |
7.62-8.14 |
7.58-8.09 |
|
|
||
|
IFI |
8.11 |
8.01 |
7.71 |
−0.098 |
.027 |
|
| 7.83-8.39 |
7.74-8.28 |
7.42-7.99 |
|
|
||
| Fruit/vegetable intake |
8.13 |
7.84 |
7.79 |
−0.058 |
.165 |
|
| 7.82-8.45 |
7.59-8.08 |
7.50-8.08 |
|
|
||
| Uric acid mg/dl |
HFD |
4.28 |
4.26 |
4.34 |
0.015 |
.336 |
| N=2,537 |
4.18-4.38 |
4.15-4.37 |
4.25-4.43 |
|
|
|
|
HuSKY |
4.39 |
4.26 |
4.30 |
−0.011 |
.331 |
|
| 4.29-4.50 |
4.15-4.37 |
4.21-4.40 |
|
|
||
|
IFI |
4.25 |
4.31 |
4.37 |
0.027 |
.099 |
|
| 4.14-4.35 |
4.20-4.43 |
4.25-4.48 |
|
|
||
| Fruit/vegetable intake |
4.27 |
4.33 |
4.38 |
0.024 |
.182 |
|
| 4.16-4.38 |
4.22-4.43 |
4.27-4.50 |
|
|
||
|
CRP μg/dl |
HFD |
196.1 |
151.8 |
162.5 |
−6.073 |
.175 |
| N=2,438 |
148.7-243.5 |
115.7-187.9 |
123.7-201.4 |
|
|
|
|
HuSKY |
193.9 |
166.5 |
154.9 |
−8.215 |
.051 |
|
| 150.4-237.4 |
112.5-220.5 |
115.9-194.0 |
|
|
||
|
IFI |
205.8 |
164.6 |
155.5 |
−14.005 |
.007 |
|
| 148.1-263.6 |
121.3-207.9 |
112.7-198.4 |
|
|
||
| Fruit/vegetable intake |
178.4 |
158.2 |
154.8 |
−2.283 |
.586 |
|
| 137.1-219.7 |
119.4-197.0 |
116.5-193.2 |
|
|
||
| Total cholesterol μg/dl |
HFD |
158.9 |
160.6 |
161.6 |
0.634 |
.190 |
| N=2,104 |
155.1-162.7 |
156.9-164.2 |
157.9-165.3 |
|
|
|
|
HuSKY |
160.6 |
162.0 |
160.5 |
−0.033 |
.930 |
|
| 156.5-164.7 |
158.2-165.8 |
156.6-164.3 |
|
|
||
|
IFI |
161.6 |
162.3 |
161.4 |
0.033 |
.790 |
|
| 157.8-165.4 |
158.4-166.2 |
157.4-165.4 |
|
|
||
| Fruit/vegetable intake |
159.9 |
160.1 |
158.8 |
0.099 |
.869 |
|
| 155.8-163.9 |
155.5-164.6 |
154.8-162.8 |
|
|
||
|
HDL-C μg/dl |
HFD |
58.2 |
57.5 |
57.3 |
−0.359 |
.108 |
| N=2,104 |
56.5-60.0 |
56.0-59.0 |
55.8-58.8 |
|
|
|
|
HuSKY |
58.4 |
58.1 |
56.7 |
−0.278 |
.205 |
|
| 56.8-60.0 |
56.5-59.7 |
55.3-58.1 |
|
|
||
|
IFI |
58.2 |
57.3 |
57.5 |
−0.184 |
.418 |
|
| 56.3-60.1 |
55.7-58.8 |
56.2-58.9 |
|
|
||
| Fruit/vegetable intake |
58.3 |
57.0 |
56.9 |
−0.202 |
.291 |
|
| 56.6-60.1 |
55.4-58.6 |
55.5-58.2 |
|
|
||
| Systolic BP mmHg |
HFD |
111.8 |
112.0 |
112.9 |
0.223 |
.205 |
| N=2,100 |
110.2-113.3 |
110.7-113.3 |
111.7-114.1 |
|
|
|
|
HuSKY |
111.8 |
112.7 |
112.6 |
0.057 |
.287 |
|
| 110.4-113.1 |
111.5-113.9 |
111.4-113.9 |
|
|
||
|
IFI |
112.2 |
111.2 |
113.4 |
0.394 |
.052 |
|
| 110.8-113.6 |
109.9-112.4 |
112.0-114.8 |
|
|
||
| Fruit/vegetable intake |
111.6 |
113.3 |
112.1 |
0.099 |
.485 |
|
| 110.2-113.0 |
111.8-114.7 |
110.8-113.4 |
|
|
||
| Diastolic BP mmHg |
HFD |
66.5 |
67.6 |
67.7 |
0.128 |
.235 |
| N=2,100 | ||||||
| 65.7-67.4 |
66.7-68.4 |
66.8-68.6 |
|
|
||
|
HuSKY |
67.5 |
67.6 |
67.8 |
0.096 |
.564 |
|
| 66.6-68.3 |
66.7-68.4 |
66.9-68.8 |
|
|
||
|
IFI |
67.2 |
66.5 |
68.3 |
0.326 |
.018 |
|
| 66.3-68.0 |
65.5-67.5 |
67.3-69.3 |
|
|
||
| Fruit/vegetable intake | 66.7 |
67.7 |
67.8 |
0.255 |
.046 |
|
| 65.8-67.5 | 66.7-68.8 | 66.8-68.8 |
Abbreviation: BP (Blood pressure), CI (Confidence interval), CRP (C - reactive protein), HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), HFD (Healthy Food Diversity Index), HuSKY (Healthy Nutrition Score for Kids and Youth), IFI (Indicator Food Index).
*P values less than 0.05 (bold) were considered statistically significant.
#adjusted for age, energy intake, BMI, alcohol consumption, season, physical activity, smoking status, and family socio-economic index.