Table 5.
Biomarkers# of cardiovascular status by quintiles of dietary indices for boys (mean and 95% CI)*
| Index | 1. Quintile | 3. Quintile | 5. Quintile | ß | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Homocysteine μmol/l |
HFD |
9.48 |
9.20 |
8.77 |
−0.164 |
.001 |
| N=2,625 |
|
9.03-9.93 |
8.78-9.63 |
8.32-9.21 |
|
|
|
HuSKY |
9.69 |
9.09 |
8.89 |
−0.147 |
.018 |
|
| |
9.19-10.19 |
8.65-9.53 |
8.45-9.32 |
|
|
|
|
IFI |
9.84 |
9.40 |
8.79 |
−0.250 |
.001 |
|
| |
9.33-10.35 |
8.92-9.89 |
8.27-9.31 |
|
|
|
| Fruit/vegetable intake |
9.83 |
9.05 |
9.20 |
−0.189 |
.037 |
|
| |
9.39-10.28 |
8.67-9.42 |
8.61-9.79 |
|
|
|
| Uric acid mg/dl |
HFD |
5.72 |
5.46 |
5.45 |
−0.068 |
.001 |
| N=2,635 |
|
5.60-5.84 |
5.35-5.57 |
5.31-5.59 |
|
|
|
HuSKY |
5.58 |
5.48 |
5.52 |
−0.020 |
.273 |
|
| |
5.47-5.70 |
5.36-5.60 |
5.38-5.66 |
|
|
|
|
IFI |
5.64 |
5.57 |
5.31 |
−0.064 |
<.001 |
|
| |
5.53-5.75 |
5.44-5.69 |
5.16-5.46 |
|
|
|
| Fruit/vegetable intake |
5.56 |
5.58 |
5.59 |
0.001 |
.916 |
|
| |
5.44-5.69 |
5.47-5.69 |
5.45-5.73 |
|
|
|
|
CRP μg/dl |
HFD |
130.0 |
109.0 |
120.3 |
−3.846 |
.430 |
| N=2,554 |
|
95.4-164.6 |
82.5-135.5 |
83.2-157.4 |
|
|
|
HuSKY |
124.5 |
143.6 |
108.8 |
−8.205 |
.034 |
|
| |
99.1-149.9 |
107.5-179.6 |
79.5-138.1 |
|
|
|
|
IFI |
132.3 |
112.5 |
123.1 |
−5.034 |
.528 |
|
| |
104.9-159.7 |
84.9-140.1 |
86.5-159.6 |
|
|
|
| Fruit/vegetable intake |
133.1 |
126.2 |
127.8 |
−2.528 |
.654 |
|
| |
103.0-163.1 |
87.3-165.1 |
92.7-162.9 |
|
|
|
| Total cholesterol μg/dl |
HFD |
153.5 |
154.7 |
154.4 |
−0.044 |
.842 |
| N=2,634 |
|
150.6-156.4 |
151.0-158.3 |
150.5-158.3 |
|
|
|
HuSKY |
153.9 |
156.8 |
154.4 |
0.372 |
.538 |
|
| |
150.7-157.0 |
153.2-160.4 |
150.8-158.4 |
|
|
|
|
IFI |
153.9 |
156.5 |
155.0 |
0.414 |
.559 |
|
| |
150.8-157.0 |
152.8-160.1 |
150.6-159.5 |
|
|
|
| Fruit/vegetable intake |
154.8 |
157.4 |
153.0 |
−0.225 |
.533 |
|
| |
151.4-158.2 |
154.3-160.5 |
148.7-157.2 |
|
|
|
|
HDL-C μg/dl |
HFD |
52.0 |
53.4 |
52.9 |
0.144 |
.557 |
| N=2,634 |
|
50.8-53.3 |
52.1-54.8 |
51.3-54.4 |
|
|
|
HuSKY |
54.2 |
52.9 |
52.2 |
−0.374 |
.051 |
|
| |
52.9-55.5 |
51.4-54.3 |
50.7-53.8 |
|
|
|
|
IFI |
53.1 |
52.7 |
51.7 |
−0.148 |
.218 |
|
| |
52.0-54.3 |
51.3-54.1 |
50.1-53.4 |
|
|
|
| Fruit/vegetable intake |
53.3 |
53.3 |
51.7 |
−0.271 |
.143 |
|
| |
52.0-54.6 |
52.1-54.5 |
50.1-53.3 |
|
|
|
| Systolic BP mmHg |
HFD |
117.4 |
117.5 |
118.3 |
0.100 |
.552 |
| N=2,624 |
|
116.3-118.5 |
116.1-119.0 |
116.9-119.7 |
|
|
|
HuSKY |
118.3 |
117.9 |
117.5 |
−0.224 |
.221 |
|
| |
117.1-119.4 |
116.7-119.1 |
116.2-118.9 |
|
|
|
|
IFI |
117.1 |
118.5 |
117.9 |
0.309 |
.265 |
|
| |
116.1-118.1 |
117.3-119.8 |
116.2-119.6 |
|
|
|
| Fruit/vegetable intake |
118.1 |
118.0 |
118.1 |
0.011 |
.865 |
|
| |
116.8-119.3 |
117.0-119.1 |
116.5-119.6 |
|
|
|
| Diastolic BP mmHg |
HFD |
69.3 |
68.7 |
69.5 |
−0.018 |
.991 |
| N=2,624 | |
68.5-70.1 |
67.7-69.7 |
68.3-70.6 |
|
|
|
HuSKY |
69.4 |
69.1 |
69.1 |
−0.087 |
.599 |
|
| |
68.6-70.3 |
68.2-70.0 |
68.0-70.2 |
|
|
|
|
IFI |
69.0 |
69.4 |
70.2 |
0.247 |
.121 |
|
| |
68.3-69.7 |
68.5-70.3 |
68.6-71.8 |
|
|
|
| Fruit/vegetable intake |
69.3 |
69.7 |
69.4 |
−0.015 |
.981 |
|
| 68.5-70.1 | 68.9-70.6 | 68.1-70.6 |
Abbreviation: BP (Blood pressure), CI (Confidence interval), CRP (C - reactive protein), HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), HFD (Healthy Food Diversity Index), HuSKY (Healthy Nutrition Score for Kids and Youth), IFI (Indicator Food Index).
*P values less than 0.05 (bold) were considered statistically significant.
#adjusted for age, energy intake, BMI, alcohol consumption, season, physical activity, smoking status, and family socio-economic index.