Figure 3. Cytokine production by PBMCs in response to FadA, Td92, or TT PBMCs from healthy subjects (n = 9), patients with CP before (B) treatment (n = 9), and patients with CP after (A) treatment (n = 7) were stimulated with medium alone (No Ag), 30 µg/ml FadA, Td92, or TT for 48 hours in the presence of purified anti-CD28 mAb and anti-CD49d mAb.

(a–d) The amount of IFNγ, IL-4, IL-10, and IL-17 secreted into the supernatant was measured by ELISA. (e) The ratio of IFNγ/IL-4 was calculated and plotted. For the calculation of this ratio, half of the lowest detectable concentration (0.1 pg/ml) was arbitrarily assigned to IL-4 samples that had a zero value. Bars indicate median values. *, P<0.05; **, P<0.01 compared to No Ag.