Table 1.
Demographic data of the Egyptian hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients
| Feature | (%) Nc or mean ± SD |
|---|---|
| Gender | |
| Male | 68 % (130/192) |
| Female | 32 % (62/192) |
| Age at diagnosis (in years) | 36.8 ± 16.80 |
| Median (range) | 38 (2–70) |
| ≤40 years | 53.1 % (102/192) |
| >40 years | 45.8 % (88/192) |
| Family history | 40.6 % (78/192) |
| Of diagnosed HCM | 31.2 % (60/192) |
| Of sudden death | 9.4 % (18/192) |
| +vea for sarcomeric mutation/+ve family history | 62.8 % (49/78) |
| Clinical presentation | |
| Shortness of breath (NYHA) | |
| I | 22.6 % (51/192) |
| II | 44.3 % (85/192) |
| III | 22.9 % (44/192) |
| IV | 6.2 % (12/192) |
| Chest pain | 65.6 % (126/192) |
| Palpitation | 66.1 % (127/192) |
| Syncope/presyncope | 52.6 % (101/192) |
| Baseline echocardiographic parameters | |
| Left atrium (mm) | 44.7 ± 9.3 |
| LV outflow gradient ≥ 30 mmHg | 56.7 % (103/185) |
| Max. LV thickness (mm) | 25.3 ± 19.7 |
| <30 mm | 80.9 % (149/184) |
| ≥30 mm | 19.0 % (35/184) |
| Symmetrical hypertrophy | 1.1 % (2/185) |
| Asymmetrical hypertrophy | 98.9 % (183/185) |
| Site of maximum thickness: | |
| Isolated septal hypertrophy | 56.2 % (104/185) |
| Septal and posterior wall hypertrophy | 28.7 % (53/185) |
| Apical hypertrophy | 2.7 % (5/185) |
| LV end-diastolic dimension (mm) | 44.2 ± 8.3 |
| LV end-systolic dimension (mm) | 26.6 ± 6.5 |
| Mitral regurgitation (MR): | 68 % (125/185) |
| Trivial/mild MR | 47 % (87/185) |
| Moderate MR | 14 % (26/185) |
| Severe MR | 7 % (12/185) |
| SAM | 62 % (114/185) |
| Major cardiac eventsb | |
| Sudden cardiac death | 2 % (2/100) |
| Previous cardiac arrest | 2 % (2/100) |
| Heart failure | 3 % (3/100) |
| Stroke | 1 % (2/100) |
| Interventions for obstruction/symptoms | |
| Alcohol septal ablation | 1 % (2/192) |
| Surgical septal myectomy | 27 % (52/192) |
| ICD | 1 % (2/192) |
| Pacemaker | 3 % (5/192) |
ICD implantable cardioverter-defibrillator, LV left ventricular, NYHA New York Heart Association, SAM systolic anterior motion
a+ve: positive
bTotal number includes cases with available follow-up data
cTotal number varies according to available clinical data of parameters assessed