Fig. 4. Activation of SHP-1 and inhibition of survival pathways in diabetes.
Schematic illustration of mechanisms promoting apoptosis in retinal pericytes and glomerular podocytes. PDGF and VEGF receptor signaling promotes cell survival. In diabetes, activation of SHP-1 can dephosphorylate these receptors and contribute to apoptosis. Abbreviations: MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; NFκB, nuclear factor κB; PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor; PDGFR, PDGF receptor; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PKC, protein kinase C; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SHP-1, Src homology-2 domain-containing phosphatase-1; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; VEGFR2, VEGF receptor-2. Artwork by Leah A. Klein.