Table 3.
Comparison of stress categories and breastfeeding outcomes modeling for breastfeeding cessation.
| Cessation of any BF by 4 weeks | Cessation of any BF by 13 weeks | Cessation of exclusivee BF by 4 weeks | Cessation of exclusivee BF by 13 weeks | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Financial stressa | 0.02 | 0.68 | 0.13 | 0.17 | ||||
| Yes | 2.26 (1.16, 4.40) | 1.11 (0.68, 1.80) | 1.47 (0.89, 2.43) | 1.55 (0.32, 2.89) | ||||
| Emotional stressb | 0.34 | 0.30 | 0.32 | 0.79 | ||||
| Yes | 0.73 (0.38, 1.39) | 1.31 (1.79, 2.18) | 1.32 (0.77, 2.28) | 1.10 (0.56, 2.15) | ||||
| Traumatic stressc | 0.29 | 0.16 | 0.03 | <0.01 | ||||
| Yes | 1.38 (0.76, 2.48) | 1.43 (0.86, 2.36) | 1.86 (1.07, 3.25) | 3.94 (1.61, 9.61) | ||||
| Partner-Associated stressd | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.10 | <0.01 | ||||
| Yes | 1.73 (0.98, 3.04) | 1.82 (1.15, 2.88) | 1.50 (0.92, 2.42) | 2.80 (1.46, 5.37) | ||||
Note: Reference is “no” for all 4 types of stress. Modeling for breastfeeding cessation. OR score 1< indicates more likely to breastfeed; OR score 1> indicates less likely to breastfeed.
Abbreviations: BF: breastfeeding.
aFinancial stress (n = 339) defined as answering yes to one of the following occurring during or in the month after pregnancy: big problems with money, moved to a new address.
bEmotional stress (n = 331) defined as answering yes to one of the following occurring during or in the month after pregnancy: family member had serious accident/illness, husband/partner had serious accident/illness, husband/partner died, friend/relative died.
cTraumatic stress (n = 335) defined as answering yes to one of the following occurring during or in the month after pregnancy: stayed in a shelter or needed emergency shelter, physical fights with partner/husband or someone else, husband/partner had legal trouble and/or went to jail, mother had legal trouble and/or went to jail, someone very close had a problem with drinking or drugs.
dPartner-Associated stress (n = 341) defined as answering yes to one of the following occurring during or in the month after pregnancy: separated from husband/partner, argued with husband/partner more often, husband/partner said he did not want pregnancy.
eBreastfeeding exclusivity was defined as the infant receiving only breast milk and no other liquid or solid food. This calculated outcome was based on mothers self-report of length of breastfeeding (infant age when last received breastmilk) and age when the infant first received formula, other liquids cereal, or solid foods.