Table 1.

An overview of (pre)clinical complement inhibitors.

Complement inhibitor	Medicine	Diseases	Study phase
Recombinant C1 inhibitor	Conestat alfa	HAE Side effects: headache and allergy.	In clinical use, EU approved.
	(Ruconest in Europe/Rhucin in USA)
Plasma-derived C1 inhibitors	Berinert P/cinryze	HAE	In clinical use, FDA approved.
C3 inhibitors	Compstatin (POT-4)	AMD	Phase II
	Staphylococcal complement inhibitor (SCIN)		Preclinical
Myristoylated peptidyl derived from soluble CR1	Mirococept (APT070)	Delayed graft function of cadaveric kidney after transplantation.	Phase II
Factor H	Plasma-derived factor H concentrate	HUS, AMD	Preclinical
	TT30/targeted alternative pathway inhibitor/factor H	PNH, AMD	Phase I
Factor D inhibitor	Anticomplement factor D	AMD	Phase II
Factor B inhibitor	TA106/anti-complement factor B	AMD	Preclinical
C5 inhibitors	Eculizumab	PNH Side effects: headache, thrombocytopenia, gastrointestinal complaints and infections. Before use: vaccination against meningococcal infection.	In clinical use, FDA approved.
		Various other diseases, for example, kidney transplants, HUS, AMD.	Phase I
	Pexelizumab		Phase III study failed
	Mubodina	HUS	Preclinical
	Ergidina	Ischemia/reperfusion injury	Preclinical
	ARC 1905	AMD	Phase I
C5a inhibitor	PMX 53 and several other compounds	AMD	Phase II study discontinued
		Osteoarthritis	Phase I
Targeted complement inhibitors	Targeted (CR2 mediated) complement inhibitors	Chronic glomerulonephritis	Phase I

HAE: hereditary angioedema; AMD: acute macular degeneration; HUS: haemolytic uraemic syndrome; PNH: paroxysmal nocturnal haematuria.