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Representation of MMR system’s mechanism of action. DNA damage recognition is mediated through the binding of MutSa (MSH2-MSH6) or MutSβ (MSH2-MSH3) complex. Consecutively, the MutLa (MLH1-PMS2) complex binds to the machinery. After the binding of both complexes, the machinery moves across the DNA by using ATP molecule hydrolysis and recruits EXO1, which excises the damaged DNA part. Finally, the correct new DNA is reconstructed by Polδ.
