Figure 1.

The synthesis and metabolism of ADMA and SDMA. Orange area: synthesis of ADMA and SDMA; red arrow: positive regulation; PRMTs: protein arginine methyltransferases; PRMT I: protein arginine methyltransferase type I; PRMT II: protein arginine methyltransferase type II; DDAH: dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase. AGXT 2: alanine–glyoxylate aminotransferase 2. Mostly ADMA is degraded by DDAHs; to a minor degree, it is eliminated by other pathways. Acute ischemic stroke and risk factors of stroke activate oxidative stress, which could upregulate the expression of PRMTs and downregulate the activity of DDAHs, leading to increased levels of ADMA via increased production and inhibited degradation of ADMA.