Table A3.
Risk drivers in Cancer Alley and their sources, cancers of concern and cancer classification.
| Air Toxics | CAS No. | Outdoor Sources 1 | Cancer of Concern 2 | EPA Cancer Classification 2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formaldehyde | 50-00-0 | Combustion, oxidation of methane, vehicular exhausts, emissions from resins in particle board. | Squamous cell carcinoma | B1, probable human carcinogen |
| Benzene | 71-43-2 | Tobacco smoke, vehicle service stations, motor vehicle exhaust, industrial emissions | Acute myeloid leukemia | A, known human carcinogen |
| Acetaldehyde | 75-07-0 | Production of perfumes, polyester resins, and basic dyes, fruit and fish preservative, flavoring agent, solvent in the rubber, tanning, and paper industries | Squamous cell carcinoma | B2, probable human carcinogen |
| Carbon tetrachloride | 56-23-5 | Drinking water, industrial emissions | Possible liver cancer, lymphatic leukemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma | Carcinogenicity is undergoing reassessment |
| Ethyleneoxide | 75-21-8 | Sterilize medical equipment and supplies, fumigant to spray agricultural products | Leukemia, stomach cancer, pacreatic cancer, Hodgkin's disease | B1, bordering on B2, limitations in human carcinogenic evidence |
| 1,3-Butadiene | 106-99-0 | Emissions from the production of rubber, plastics, and resins, vehicle engine exhaust, smoke from fires, cigarette smoke | Hemato-lymphopoietic, stomach, and respiratory cancer | A, known human carcinogen |
| Naphthalene | 91-20-3 | Burning of wood and fossil fuels, industrial discharges, automobile exhaust, cigarette smoke, moth repellants, asphalt emissions | Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis | C, possible human carcinogen |
Sources:
1 The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)’s toxicological profiles at http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/index.asp.
2 The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)’s Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) at http://www.epa.gov/IRIS/.