Table 2.

List of the North American mosquito species most commonly associated with the wetlands types described in this document. EEE = eastern equine encephalitis, SLE = St. Louis encephalitis, VEE = Venezuelan encephalitis, WEE = western equine encephalitis, WN = West Nile virus.

Mosquito Species	Habitat	Nuisance and/or Disease Associations	Associated Wetland Type	Range
Aedes abserratus	Freshwater cedar forests	Nuisance	Atlantic White Cedar wetland forest	North Atlantic Coast
Aedes atlanticus	Floodwater		Bottomland swamp	Southeastern US; Atlantic and Gulf Coasts
Aedes atropalpus	Floodwater		Riverine	Northeastern US, Atlantic Coast
Aedes aurifer	Freshwater cedar forests		Atlantic White Cedar wetland forest	North Atlantic Coast
Aedes campestris	Floodwater		Potholes	Northwestern US
Aedes canadensis	Floodwater: temporary shaded woodland pools and shaded pools adjacent to wooded areas	EEE, WN, dog heartworm	Vernal pools, Atlantic White Cedar wetland forests	Atlantic and Gulf Coasts, East of Rocky Mountains
Aedes cantator	Floodwater	Nuisance	Tidal salt marshes	Northern US
Aedes cinereus	Floodwater: freshwater cedar forests	WN, Nuisance	Atlantic White Cedar wetland forests, bogs and swamps	Atlantic Coast, Northern and Southeastern US
Aedes dorsalis	Floodwater: marshes and pools, overflow from wells	WEE, WN	Tidal salt marshes, coastal wetlands, potholes	Western US, Pacific Northwest, Northeastern US
Aedes excrucians	Floodwater: freshwater cedar forests	Nuisance	Vernal pools, Atlantic white cedar wetland forests	Atlantic and Gulf Coast, Northeastern and Northwestern US
Aedes infirmatus	Floodwater	EEE	Bottomland swamp, Mississippi deltaic plain	Gulf and South Atlantic Coasts, Southeastern US
Aedes flavescens	Floodwater	Nuisance	Potholes	Northeastern and Northwestern US
Aedes japonicus	Floodwater: containers, rock holes, shaded areas with water of high organic content	WN	Riverine	Eastern US
Aedes nigromaculis	Floodwater	Nuisance	Playas	Western US
Aedes sollicitans	Floodwater	EEE, nuisance	Mangrove, tidal salt marshes, tidal brackish	East and Gulf Coasts, Mississippi Deltaic Plain
Aedes squamiger	Floodwater	Nuisance	Tidal salt marshes, coastal wetlands	California, Pacific Northwest
Aedes sticticus	Floodwater	Nuisance, dog heartworm	Vernal pools	Eastern and Northwestern US
Aedes taeniorhynchus	Floodwater: salt marsh	Nuisance, dog heartworm	Mangrove, tidal salt marsh, tidal brackish, Florida Everglades, Mississippi deltaic plain	Atlantic, East and Gulf Coasts
Aedes triseriatus	Floodwater: treeholes, freshwater forests	Nuisance, EEE, WN, dog heartworm	Atlantic White Cedar wetland forest, Treeholes of deciduous trees	Eastern North America
Aedes trivitattus	Floodwater	Nuisance, dog heartworm	Meadows, swamps, woodlands	Eastern and Central US
Aedes vexans	Floodwater: freshwater cedar forests	Nuisance, EEE	Atlantic White Cedar wetland forests, Potholes, playas	Continental US
Anopheles atropos	Permanent water	Nuisance	Saltwater pools and marshes	Atlantic and Gulf Coasts
Anopheles crucians	Permanent water	Malaria	Bottomland swamp, Mississippi deltaic plain	Southeastern US; Gulf and Atlantic Coasts
Anopheles earlei	Semi-permanent and permanent water	Nuisance	Potholes, Bogs, marshes, woodland pools	Northern US
Anopheles quadrimaculatus and sibling species	Permanent Water: freshwater cypress swamps, river backwaters	Malaria	Bottomland swamp, Mississippi deltaic plain	Eastern US; Atlantic and Gulf Coasts
Coquillettidia perturbans	Permanent Water: Cattail ponds	EEE, nuisance	Tidal Freshwater (cattails), bottomland swamp, constructed wetlands, Mississippi, deltaic plain	Atlantic and Gulf Coasts, Eastern US; Northwestern US
Culex erraticus	Permanent Water: Freshwater cypress swamps	EEE, SLE, WN	Bottomland swamps	Eastern US; Atlantic and Gulf Coasts
Culex erythrothorax	Permanent water	WEE, WN	Constructed wetlands	West Coast
Culex nigripalpus	Permanent Water: ubiquitous in fresh water sources; sometimes found in brackish water	EEE, SLE, WN	Mangrove, bottomland swamp, Mississippi deltaic plain, constructed wetlands, Florida Everglades	Atlantic and Gulf Coasts
Culex pipiens	Permanent water, freshwater forests	WN	Atlantic White Cedar wetland forests, Constructed wetlands, playas	North Atlantic Coast, Northern US
Culex quinquefasciatus	Permanent water	SLE, WEE, WN, dog heartworm	Constructed wetlands, playas	Southern US
Culex restuans	Freshwater cedar forests	WN	Atlantic White Cedar wetland forests	North Atlantic coast
Culex salinarius	Permanent water	Nuisance, WN	Mangrove, tidal salt marshes, tidal brackish, Mississippi deltaic plain, constructed wetlands	Atlantic, Gulf and Pacific Coasts
Culex tarsalis	Permanent water	SLE, WEE, WN	Potholes, playas, constructed wetlands	Western and Southern US
Culex territans	Permanent water, freshwater forests	None for humans, feeds on cold-blooded vertebrates such as frogs	Atlantic White Cedar wetland forests, Potholes	North Atlantic Coast, Continental US
Culiseta inornata	Permanent water and temporarily flooded areas	WEE, WN	Tidal Salt Marshes (brackish upper marsh), Potholes	Atlantic and Gulf Coasts, Continental US
Culiseta melanura	Permanent Water: freshwater cypress swamps	EEE	Bottomland swamp; Atlantic White cedar wetland forests, Mississippi deltaic plain	Atlantic and Gulf Coasts; Eastern US
Culiseta morsitans	Freshwater cedar forests	EEE	Atlantic White Cedar wetland forests	North Atlantic Coast
Deinocerites cancer	Crab holes in tidal marshes	Nuisance	Tidal salt marshes	Eastern Coast of Florida
Deinocerites mathesoni	Crab holes	Nuisance	Tidal salt marshes	South Texas Coast
Deinocerites pseudes	Crab holes	Nuisance	Tidal salt marshes	South Texas Coast
Mansonia dyari	Permanent water	Nuisance	Constructed wetlands	Florida
Mansonia titillans	Permanent water	VEE, nuisance	Constructed wetlands	Florida to Texas
Psorophora ciliata	Floodwater	Nuisance	Rain-filled pools	Eastern US
Psorophora ferox	Floodwater	Nuisance	Woodlands, potholes	Eastern US
Psorophora signipennis	Floodwater	Nuisance	Playas	Central US
Uranotaenia lowii	Semi-permanent and permanent water; shallow margins of lakes	None for humans—Feeds on amphibians	Bottomland swamp	Southeastern US
Uranotaenia sapphirina	Freshwater Cedar forests, Permanent pools and ponds	None for humans	Atlantic White Cedar wetland forests, Bottomland swamp	North Atlantic Coast, Eastern US
Wyeomyia smithii	Pitcher plants	None for humans	Bogs, fens	Northeastern US
Wyeomyia mitchellae	Bromeliads	Nuisance	Florida Everglades	Southern Florida
Wyeomyia vanduzeei	Bromeliads	Nuisance	Florida Everglades	Southern Florida