. 2013 Jan 16;8(1):e53788. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053788

Table 1. List of plant species monitored at each location, along with their phenological responses to temperature (for years prior to 2010 for MA and prior to 2012 for WI) and 95% prediction intervals for 2010 and 2012 for Massachusetts and 2012 for Wisconsin.

Location	Species	n	Temp. Response	95% Prediction Interval	Obs. FFD
Massachusetts	Amelanchier arborea ^*	25	y = −3.24x+143	2010: 95–119	2010: 102
	(Serviceberry)		R² = 0.45^***	2012: 96–119	2012: 105
Massachusetts	Anemone quinquefolia ^*	25	y = −1.03x+123	2010: 96–127	2010: 102
	(Wood Anemone)		R² = 0.05^*	2012: 97–127	2012: 105
Massachusetts	Aquilegia canadensis ^*	25	y = 0.46x+112	2010: 97–138	2010: 105
	(Wild Columbine)		R² = 0.01	2012: 98–137	2012: 109
Massachusetts	Aralia nudicaulis	24	y = −3.27x+160	2010:113–134	2010: 122
	(Wild Sarsaparilla)		R² = 0.68^***	2012: 114–135	2012: 128
Massachusetts	Arenaria lateriflora	23	y = −4.92x+178	2010: 105–142	2010: 127
	(Bluntleaf Sandwort)		R² = 0.43^***	2012: 107–143	2012: 123
Massachusetts	Caltha palustris ^*	25	y = −1.69x+116	2010: 75–120	2010: 69
	(Marsh Marigold)		R² = 0.06^**	2012: 76–120	2012: 92
Massachusetts	Comandra umbellate	24	y = −3.26x+162	2010: 107–145	2010: 124
	(Bastard Toadflax)		R² = 0.24^***	2012: 108–145	2012: 128
Massachusetts	Cornus canadensis	24	y = −3.27x+164	2010: 114–142	2010: 136
	(Dwarf Dogwood)		R² = 0.36^**	2012: 116–143	2012: 138
Massachusetts	Cypripedium acaule	25	y = −3.70x+165	2010: 110–138	2010: 124
	(Pink Lady Slipper)		R² = 0.61^***	2012: 112–138	2012: 123
Massachusetts	Fragaria virginiana ^*	20	y = −4.21x+152	2010: 85–127	2010: 105
	(Wild Strawberry)		R² = 0.33^***	2012: 87–128	2012: 105
Massachusetts	Gaylussacia baccata	24	y = −5.82x+174	2010: 97–123	2010: 115
	(Black Huckleberry)		R² = 0.68^***	2012: 99–125	2012: 109
Massachusetts	Geranium maculatum ^*	25	y = −1.85x+151	2010: 117–143	2010: 129
	(Wild Geranium)		R² = 0.16^**	2012: 118–144	2012: 128
Massachusetts	Houstonia caerulea	26	y = −2.70x+127	2010: 78–117	2010: 86
	(Bluet)		R² = 0.17^**	2012: 79–118	2012: 92
Massachusetts	Hypoxis hirsuta	25	y = −3.31x+168	2010: 117–146	2010: 129
	(Yellow Star-Grass)		R² = 0.34^***	2012: 119–147	2012: 128
Massachusetts	Krigia virginica	24	y = −4.21x+171	2010: 99–151	2010: 115
	(Dwarf Dandelion)		R² = 0.22^***	2012: 101–151	2012: 109
Massachusetts	Potentilla canadensis	24	y = 0.21x+116	2010: 89–148	2010: 102
	(Dwarf Cinquefoil)		R² = 0.00	2012: 90–147	2012: 105
Massachusetts	Prunus pensylvanica	22	y = −2.95x+147	2010: 100–128	2010: 105
	(Pin Cherry)		R² = 0.29^***	2012: 101–129	2012: 109
Massachusetts	Prunus serotina ^*	22	y = −2.08x+149	2010: 91–161	2010: 129
	(Black Cherry)		R² = 0.04	2012: 92–161	2012: 131
Massachusetts	Prunus virginiana	24	y = −4.06x+165	2010: 92–138	2010: 122
	(Chokecherry)		R² = 0.41^***	2012: 94–139	2012: 123
Massachusetts	Rhododendron canadense	26	y = −4.27x+160	2010: 104–122	2010: 124
	(Rhodora)		R² = 0.72^***	2012: 106–123	2012: 123
Massachusetts	Saxifraga virginiensis	26	y = 0.81x+103	2010: 92–131	2010: 102
	(Early Saxifrage)		R² = 0.02	2012: 93–130	2012: 92
Massachusetts	Senecio aureus	26	y = −2.36x+156	2010: 111–150	2010: 129
	(Golden Ragwort)		R² = 0.13^**	2012: 112–150	2012: 123
Massachusetts	Silene caroliniana	26	y = −3.85x+169	2010: 115–137	2010: 129
	(Wild Pink)		R² = 0.58^***	2012: 117–138	2012: 128
Massachusetts	Smilax rotundifolia	21	y = −4.12x+183	2010: 109–166	2010: 124
	(Common Greenbriar)		R² = 0.19^***	2012: 111–166	2012: 128
Massachusetts	Trientalis borealis	25	y = −4.43x+165	2010: 103–130	2010: 115
	(Starflower)		R² = 0.53^***	2012: 105–131	2012: 118
Massachusetts	Trillium cernuum	25	y = −2.84x+155	2010: 107–142	2010: 122
	(Nodding Trillium)		R² = 0.21^**	2012: 108–142	2012: 131
Massachusetts	Vaccinium angustifolium	26	y = −4.41x+152	2010: 88–118	2010: 105
	(Lowbush Blueberry)		R² = 0.63^***	2012: 90–119	2012: 98
Massachusetts	Vaccinium corymbosum	26	y = −6.55x+170	2010: 83–113	2010: 97
	(Highbush Blueberry)		R² = 0.66^***	2012: 85–115	2012: 92
Massachusetts	Viola cucullata	25	y = −3.28x+140	2010: 86–122	2010: 102
	(Marsh Blue Violet)		R² = 0.27^***	2012: 88–122	2012: 98
Massachusetts	Viola fimbriatula	23	y = −2.91x+142	2010: 86–134	2010: 102
	(Arrowleaf Violet)		R² = 0.13^**	2012: 88–135	2012: 105
Massachusetts	Viola lanceolata	24	y = −3.17x+150	2010: 100–130	2010: 120
	(Lance-leaved Violet)		R² = 0.33^***	2012: 101–130	2012: 115
Massachusetts	Viola pedata ^*	23	y = 2.22x+110	2010: 113–157	2010: 124
	(Birdfoot Violet)		R² = 0.10	2012: 113–155	2012: 123
Wisconsin	Amelanchier arborea ^*	47	y = −4.85x+155	84–108	84
	(Serviceberry)		R² = 0.63^***
Wisconsin	Anemone canadensis	47	y = −4.05x+179	116–144	111
	(Meadow Anemone)		R² = 0.46^***
Wisconsin	Anemone patens	47	y = −3.31x+127	70–103	75
	(Pasque Flower)		R² = 0.30^***
Wisconsin	Anemone quinquefolia ^*	47	y = −4.31x+149	84–109	87
	(Wood Anemone)		R² = 0.55^***
Wisconsin	Aquilegia canadensis ^*	47	y = −3.98x+162	102–125	117
	(Wild Columbine)		R² = 0.55^***
Wisconsin	Arabis lyrata	47	y = −3.84x+140	80–105	80
	(Sand Cress)		R² = 0.49^***
Wisconsin	Caltha palustris ^*	47	y = −2.64x+134	91–112	100
	(Marsh Marigold)		R² = 0.41^***
Wisconsin	Dicentra cucullaria	47	y = −4.46x+140	72–100	76
	(Dutchman's Breeches)		R² = 0.52^***
Wisconsin	Dodecatheon meadia	47	y = −3.73x+163	110–126	122
	(Shooting Star)		R² = 0.70^***
Wisconsin	Fragaria virginiana ^*	47	y = −3.93x+154	90–123	102
	(Wild Strawberry)		R² = 0.38^***
Wisconsin	Geranium maculatum ^*	47	y = −4.52x+165	98–122	111
	(Wild Geranium)		R² = 0.59^***
Wisconsin	Hepatica nobilis	47	y = −4.18x+132	64–98	75
	(Sharp-lobed Hepatica)		R² = 0.40^***
Wisconsin	Lithospermum canescens	47	y = −4.13x+161	96–126	105
	(Hoary Puccoon)		R² = 0.44^***
Wisconsin	Oxalis stricta	47	y = −4.23x+167	104–126	118
	(Wood Sorrel)		R² = 0.62^***
Wisconsin	Phlox divaricata	47	y = −5.38x+167	86–116	94
	(Woodland Phlox)		R² = 0.57^***
Wisconsin	Phlox pilosa	47	y = −3.66x+166	106–136	128
	(Prairie Phlox)		R² = 0.38^***
Wisconsin	Prunus serotina ^*	47	y = −3.74x+167	109–134	126
	(Black Cherry)		R² = 0.49^***
Wisconsin	Rubus allegheniensis	47	y = −3.01x+169	124–140	129
	(Common Blackberry)		R² = 0.63^***
Wisconsin	Sanguinaria canadensis	47	y = −3.55x+129	71–100	76
	(Bloodroot)		R² = 0.40^***
Wisconsin	Sisyrinchium campestre	47	y = −3.83x+165	108–129	118
	(Blue-eyed Grass)		R² = 0.58^***
Wisconsin	Tradescantia ohiensis	47	y = −3.27x+174	119–149	131
	(Spiderwort)		R² = 0.34^***
Wisconsin	Trillium grandiflorum	47	y = −2.58x+142	93–128	99
	(Large-flowered Trillium)		R² = 0.19^***
Wisconsin	Viola pedata ^*	47	y = −5.11x+164	91–112	101
	(Birdfoot Violet)		R² = 0.70^***

The samples size is the number of years used for each regression analysis. Species names follow the United States Department of Agriculture Plants Database. Species common to both locations are indicated with an asterisk after the species name. Asterisks that follow R² values represent significance at the following levels:

= p<0.05,

^**

= p<0.01,

^***

= p<0.001.