Figure 4. Median-joining networks showing phylogenetic relationships of the Moldavian, Romanian and Ukrainian Y-haplotypes within haplogroups I-M423 (A) and R-M17* (B).

Networks were constructed from 17 STRs for haplogroup R-M17* and 15 STRs for haplogroup I-M423 as described in Materials and Methods. For each network, the smallest circles represent a count of one individual. Branch lengths are proportional to the number of mutational steps separating two haplotypes.