Surface expression of TLR1, TLR2, and TLR4 on alveolar macrophages after ozone and Pam3CYS exposure (A–C) at 4 hours and (D–F) at 24 hours. Cell-surface expression of TLR1, TLR2, and TLR4 on alveolar macrophages collected from WLL after ozone (2 ppm, 3 h) or FA pre-exposure was followed by intratracheal instillation of saline or Pam3CYS. WLL macrophages were identified by forward scatter and side scatter and by positivity for F4/80 and CD11c, and were then analyzed for TLR expression. Group comparisons involved O3/saline versus FA/Saline, O3/saline versus O3/Pam3CYS, FA/Pam3CYS versus FA/Saline, and O3/Pam3CYS versus FA/Pam3CYS. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 10–15 C57 mice from three independent experiments). Statistical significance was determined using the Mann-Whitney U test (*P ≤ 0.05, **P ≤ 0.01, ***P ≤ 0.001, and ****P < 0.0001).