Table 3.
Heart failure-related characteristics of participants by (study-determined) heart failure status
| No HF (A), n = 308 | LVSD (B), n = 34 | HFpEF (C), n = 57 | P-value (A vs. B) | P-value (A vs. C) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Symptoms | |||||
| Orthopnea | 36 (11.7%) | 10 (29.4%) | 17 (29.8%) | 0.027a | 0.003 |
| Signs and echo findings | |||||
| Raised JVPb | 25 (8.1%) | 7 (20.6%) | 10 (17.5%) | 0.054a | 0.058 |
| Lung cracklesc | 52 (16.9%) | 12 (35.3%) | 19 (33.3%) | 0.031a | 0.012 |
| Oedemad | 125 (40.6%) | 19 (55.9%) | 39 (68.4%) | 0.487 | 0.001 |
| Systolic BPe | 131 (±22) | 131 (±26) | 135 (±25) | 0.896 | 0.141 |
| Diastolic BPf | 72 (±10) | 71 (±13) | 68 (±10) | 0.213 | 0.643 |
| Heart rate | 72 (±12) | 75 (±13) | 74 (±13) | 0.630 | 0.541 |
| Respiratory rateg | 18 (±4) | 19 (±4) | 18 (±4) | 0.293 | 0.374 |
| Abnormal ECG | 153 (49.7%) | 29 (85.3%) | 35 (61.4%) | <0.001 | 0.157 |
| Abnormal diastolic function | 85 (27.6%) | 14 (41.2%) | 56 (98.2%) | 0.334 | <0.001 |
| Ejection fraction %h | 63.9 (±8.0) | 39.0 (±7.1) | 56.0 (±2.2) | 0.191 | 0.825 |
| Severe aortic regurgitationi | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| Severe aortic stenosis | 3 (1.0%) | 2 (5.9%) | 2 (3.5%) | 0.113a | 0.263a |
| Severe mitral regurgitationj | 2 (0.6%) | 1 (2.9%) | 1 (1.8%) | <0.001 | 0.004 |
| Severe mitral stenosisk | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.8%) | 0.001 |
BP, blood pressure; ECG, electorcardiogram; HF, heart failure; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; JVP, jugular venous presure; LVSD, left ventricular systolic dysfunction.
aFisher's exact test (all other P-values show Pearson χ2).
bJVP measurement was available for 384 (96.2%) residents.
cLung assessment was available for 398 (99.7%) residents.
dOedema assessment was available for 397 (99.4%) residents.
eSystolic BP measurement was available for 398 (99.7%) residents.
fDiastolic BP measurement was available for 395 (98.9%) residents.
gRespiratory rate was available for 398 (99.7%) residents.
hEjection fraction % was available for 17 (4%) residents.
iAortic regurgitation measurement was available for 366 (91.7%) residents.
jMitral regurgitation measurement was available for 385 (96.5%) residents.
kMitral stenosis measurement was available for 396 (99.2%) residents. All other measurements were available for the full cohort (n = 399).