Table 5.

Co-morbidities and drug prescriptions by study-determined heart failure status

Characteristics	No HF (A), n = 308	LVSD (B), n = 34	HFpEF (C), n = 57	P-value (A vs. B)	P-value (A vs. C)
Co-morbidities
Myocardial infarction	21 (6.8%)	7 (20.6%)	4 (7.0%)	0.012*	0.507*
Ischaemic heart disease	54 (17.5%)	6 (17.6%)	14 (24.6%)	0.549*	0.143*
Hypertension	151 (49.0%)	16 (47.1%)	26 (45.6%)	0.508*	0.380*
Atrial fibrillation	45 (14.6%)	14 (41.2%)	8 (14.0%)	<0.001*	0.351*
Valvular heart disease	9 (2.9%)	4 (11.8%)	3 (5.3%)	0.127*	0.364*
Mitral valvular heart disease	5 (1.6%)	1 (2.9%)	2 (3.5%)	0.513*	0.320*
Aortic valvular heart disease	5 (1.6%)	1 (2.9%)	2 (3.5%)	0.513*	0.320*
Diabetes	59 (19.2%)	7 (20.6%)	9 (15.8%)	0.464*	0.337*
COPD	25 (8.1%)	4 (11.8%)	11 (19.3%)	0.451*	0.016*
Osteoarthritis	105 (34.1%)	15 (44.1%)	22 (38.6%)	0.184*	0.355*
Cognitive impairment	102 (33.1%)	10 (29.4%)	9 (15.8%)	0.538*	0.006*
Prescribed drugs
Beta-blocker	56 (18.2%)	16 (47.1%)	11 (19.3%)	<0.001*	0.460*
ACE inhibitor	58 (18.8%)	15 (44.1%)	15 (26.3%)	0.021	0.939
Angiotensin receptor blocker	18 (5.8%)	1 (2.9%)	5 (8.8%)	0.373*	0.248*
Calcium chanel blocker	56 (18.2%)	5 (14.7%)	17 (29.8%)	0.313*	0.030*
Diuretic	85 (27.6%)	19 (55.9%)	24 (42.1%)	0.002*	0.057*
Statin	117 (38.0%)	17 (50.0%)	27 (47.4%)	0.155*	0.154*
Digoxin	24 (7.8%)	5 (14.7%)	2 (3.5%)	0.111*	0.150*
Antiplatelet	159 (51.6%)	24 (70.6%)	24 (42.1%)	0.215*	0.099*
Spironolactone	7 (2.3%)	0 (0%)	1 (1.8%)	0.487*	0.680*
Bronchodilators	46 (14.9%)	7 (20.6%)	16 (28.1%)	0.370*	0.020*
Warfarin	8 (2.6%)	4 (11.8%)	1 (1.8%)	0.018*	0.423*
NSAIDs	25 (8.1%)	1 (2.9%)	7 (12.3%)	0.203*	0.174*

ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HF, heart failure; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; LVSD, left ventricular systolic dysfunction; NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

*Fisher's Exact Test (all other p values show Pearson Chi-Square).