Table 1.

Physiological parameters with the development of heart failure

	Baseline	Early	Moderate	DCM
Heart rate, b.p.m.	118 ± 9	89 ± 7*	85 ± 5*	86 ± 5*
Body weight, kg	25 ± 2	30 ± 2	34 ± 2*	35 ± 3*
Body surface area, m2	0.60 ± 0.03	0.68 ± 0.02	0.74 ± 0.02*	0.76 ± 0.04*
Creatinine, μmol/L	106 ± 9	126 ± 17	160 ± 17	178 ± 23*
Urea, mmol/L	4.6 ± 0.6	5.0 ± 0.4	5.5 ± 0.5	5.9 ± 0.3*
Cholesterol, mmol/L	2.3 ± 0.2	1.9 ± 0.2	1.9 ± 0.1	1.4 ± 0.3*
Glucose, mmol/L	5.3 ± 0.9	4.6 ± 0.5	4.8 ± 0.5	5.3 ± 0.8
Insulin, pmol/L	57 ± 13	53 ± 8	47 ± 8	59 ± 9
FFAs, mmol/L	0.11 ± 0.03	0.16 ± 0.04	0.07 ± 0.03	0.07 ± 0.04
Triglycerides, mmol/L	0.30 ± 0.10	0.28 ± 0.06	0.30 ± 0.07	0.13 ± 0.06*

DCM, dilated cardiomyopathy; FFAs, free fatty acids.

*P < 0.05 compared with baseline.