Table 1.
Mean values and SD of Pb–B, Pb–U, systolic and diastolic BP, Serum Ca, Ionized Ca, Phosphorus, Vitamin D, PTH and BMD in battery manufacturing workers and control group
| Sl. No. | Parameter | Control group (N = 30) | Battery manufacturing workers (90) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group I (N = 30) | Group II (N = 30) | Group III (N = 30) | |||
| 1 | PbB μg/dl | 10.2 ± 5.8 (2.0–23.0) |
58.37 ± 20.2*** (18.0–80.0) |
62.52 ± 15.4*** (26–84) |
65.5 ± 18.5*** (59–82.4) |
| 2 | PbU μg/dl | 6.28 ± 3.83 (1.0–14.0) |
19.17 ± 10.5*** (5.0–35.0) |
22.51 ± 17.4*** (6–43.4) |
28.3 ± 19.5*** (8–50.2) |
| 3 | Systolic B.P. mm/hg | 115.83 ± 10.5 (110–120) |
123.53 ± 9.43** (120–130) |
127 ± 12.41*** (120–140) |
130.8 ± 10.5*** (116–150) |
| 4 | Diastolic B.P mm/hg | 76.98 ± 8.7 (70–80) |
80.73 ± 4.3* (70–92) |
87.3 ± 7.7*** (80–110) |
90.26 ± 6.55*** (90–110) |
| 5 | Calcium mg/dl | 9.99 ± 0.43 (9.6–11.0) |
8.71 ± 0.6*** (7.0–9.0) |
8.2 ± 0.52*** (6.9–9.0) |
8.0 ± 0.76*** (6.82–8.8) |
| 6 | Ionised Ca mmol/L | 2.42 ± 0.10 (2.27–2.67) |
2.07 ± 0.14*** (1.68–2.16) |
1.9 ± 0.13*** (1.67–2.18) |
1.92 ± 0.18*** (1.67–2.14) |
| 7 | Phosphorus mg/dl | 4.5 ± 0.46 (3.3–5.5) |
3.89 ± 0.45*** (3.0–4.7) |
3.7 ± 0.36*** (3.0–4.5) |
3.65 ± 0.43*** (2.7–4.1) |
| 8 | PTH pg/ml (n = 15) | 25 ± 12 (12–40) |
28 ± 15• (10–50) |
29.5 ± 14• (12–55) |
34 ± 13* (10–54) |
| 9 | Vitamin D ng/ml (n = 15) | 13.74 ± 3.8 (9.25–17) |
12.9 ± 2.9• (9.0–18.0) |
11.96 ± 3.5• (8.25–17) |
11.76 ± 2.89• (8.0–17) |
| 10 | BMD T -Score | >−1.0 | −0.843 ± 0.39 (−0.2 to −1.9) |
−1.83 ± 0.42 (−1.1 to −2.8) |
−2.25 ± 0.62 (−1.5 to–3.4) |
Figures without parenthesis indicate Mean ± SD values and those in parenthesis are range of values. * P < 0.05, * *P < 0.01, * * *P < 0.001 as compared to controls and, •Non significant as compared to controls. PbB blood lead, PbU urinary lead, PTH parathyroid hormone, BMD bone mineral density