Table 1.

Models for compensation schemes

Type	Characteristic	Processes/logistics	Timing	Typical costs
Resettlement	Physical relocation of inhabitants of the protected area	Evaluation of situation and its finalization before protected area establishment	One-time action	High
Reimbursement	Traditional payments with varying adjustment for restrictions of access or economic activity, and damage to crops, livestock, property or health	Demand based after establishment of the protected area, but estimation of sufficient funds or alternative means for compensation needs to be quantified in advance	Payments upon request	Low/moderate
Provision of incentives	Local stakeholders receive compensation conditionally based upon the status of predefined conservation parameters (i.e., performance based)	Assessment of conservation needs before or after establishment of the protected area; goals to be incorporated in management plans	Permanent payment	Moderate