Table 3.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of each group (mean ± SD)
| Group 1 | Group 2 | P-value | |
| No. of patients | 50 534 | 11 300 | |
| Age, yr | 54.96 ± 14.50 | 58.18 ± 13.31 | < 0.001 |
| Gender, male (%) | 52.5 | 46.7 | < 0.001 |
| PPI duration, d | 25.17 ± 21.51 | 285.78 ± 437.02 | < 0.001 |
| Co-morbidities, n (%) | |||
| AIDS | 75 (0.15) | 6 (0.05) | 0.011 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 3655 (7.23) | 1201 (10.63) | < 0.001 |
| Congestive heart failure | 196 (0.39) | 71 (0.63) | < 0.001 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 184 (0.36) | 64 (0.57) | 0.002 |
| Dementia | 332 (0.66) | 159 (1.41) | < 0.001 |
| DM | 4438 (8.78) | 1600 (14.16) | < 0.001 |
| DM without chronic complication | 4280 (8.47) | 1532 (13.56) | < 0.001 |
| DM with chronic complication | 158 (0.31) | 68 (0.60) | < 0.001 |
| Liver disease, mild | 3182 (6.30) | 1475 (13.05) | < 0.001 |
| Hemiplegia or paraplegia | 57 (0.11) | 8 (0.07) | 0.213 |
| Liver disease, moderate or severe | 488 (0.97) | 205 (1.81) | < 0.001 |
| Any malignancy | 62 (0.12) | 13 (0.12) | 0.833 |
| Metastatic solid tumor | 310 (0.61) | 69 (0.61) | 0.972 |
| Myocardial infarction | 598 (1.18) | 121 (1.07) | 0.313 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 368 (0.73) | 114 (1.01) | 0.002 |
| Peptic ulcer | 7011 (13.88) | 1569 (13.88) | 0.977 |
| Rheumatologic disease | 284 (0.56) | 421 (3.73) | < 0.001 |
| Renal disease | 498 (0.99) | 342 (3.03) | < 0.001 |
| Charlson index | 0.50 ± 0.93 | 0.77 ± 1.14 | < 0.001 |
| Score = 0 n (%) | 33297 (65.89) | 6167 (54.58) | < 0.001 |
| Score = 1 n (%) | 15536 (30.75) | 4363 (38.61) | |
| Score ≥ 3 n (%) | 1699 (3.36) | 770 (6.81) | |
| History of admission (%) | 29138 (57.66) | 6692 (59.22) | 0.002 |
| History of ICU admission (%) | 1668 (3.30) | 352 (3.12) | 0.315 |
PPI: Proton pump inhibitor; AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; ICU: Intensive care unit; DM: Diabetes mellitus.