. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Jul 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Clin Epidemiol. 2012 Apr 20;65(7):764–777. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2012.01.003

Table 5.

Simulations of the effects of each level for hearing, ambulation, and pain on the relative risk of mortality based on results for 18+; simulations for hearing and ambulation based on results for 60+ in parentheses

Level	Hearing	Ambulation	Pain
1	1.00 (1.00)	1.00 (1.00)	1.00
2	1.27 (1.31)	1.48 (1.45)	1.05
3	1.63 (1.76)	2.15 (2.06)	1.16
4	2.41 (2.75)	4.41 (4.07)	1.39
5	3.16 (3.76)	7.02 (6.30)	1.89
6	5.44 (7.00)	10.12 (8.95)	n/a

Note: For hearing, ambulation, and pain level 1, no disability; level 2, mild disability; level 3, moderate disability (as does level 4, for hearing); levels 5 and 6, severe disability for hearing; levels 4–6, severe disability for ambulation; and levels 4 and 5, severe disability for pain.