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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Jan 17.
Published in final edited form as: J Educ Psychol. 2012 Aug;104(3):603–621. doi: 10.1037/a0027571

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Estimated quadratic growth curves of WJ Math W scores for children retained or promoted in first grade. Observed means for the promoted and retained groups are also depicted. Grade 1 scores for retained children are scores from their repeated first grade year.