Appendix.
List of 72 background variables used in propensity score matching.
| Variable name | Source |
|---|---|
| Cohort | |
| Child ethnicity | Archival |
| Child's gender | Archival |
| Child age at eligibility determination | Archival |
| Child's school district at Time 1 | Archival |
| Child language | Archival |
| Enrollment in pre-first grade | Archival |
| Economically disadvantaged status | Archival |
| Title 1 status | Archival |
| Migrant status | Archival |
| Limited English proficiency status | Archival |
| Bilingual class status | Archival |
| English as a second language status | Archival |
| Special education status | Archival |
| At risk status | Archival |
| Cognitive competence subscale (Harter) | Child |
| Peer acceptance subscale (Harter) | Child |
| Physical competence (Harter) | Child |
| Maternal acceptance (Harter) | Child |
| Sense of school belonging | Child |
| Peer nomination aggression | Classmates |
| Peer nomination prosocial | Classmates |
| Peer nomination hyperactive | Classmates |
| Peer nomination sad/withdrawn | Classmates |
| Peer nomination teacher support | Classmates |
| Peer social preference score | Classmates |
| Family language | Parent |
| Parent literacy status | Parent |
| Rent or own home | Parent |
| Highest level of education of in household | Parent |
| Parent educational aspirations for child | Parent |
| Number of adults living in the household | Parent |
| Number of children living in household | Parent |
| Child attended kindergarten | Parent |
| Parent satisfaction with home-school relationship | Parent |
| Parent sense of responsibility for child's education | Parent |
| Parent satisfaction with teacher | Parent |
| Parent self efficacy for helping child in school score | Parent |
| Parent positive perceptions about school | Parent |
| Home-school communication | Parent |
| Parent-teacher shared responsibilities | Parent |
| Parent school-based involvement | Parent |
| Parent rated ADHD behaviors | Parent |
| Parent rated prosocial behaviors | Parent |
| Parent rated conduct problems | Parent |
| Parent rated internalizing behaviors | Parent |
| Minutes per day child watches television | Parent |
| Number of shared family meals | Parent |
| Parent acculturation | Parent |
| Composite district literacy test score | Performance |
| UNIT full scale IQ | Performance |
| Woodcock-Johnson III broad reading W score | Performance |
| Woodcock-Johnson III broad math W score | Performance |
| Dweck puzzles task choice | Performance |
| Effortful (inhibitory) control | Performance |
| Property value of residence | Public records |
| Teacher educational aspirations for child | Teacher |
| Home-school alliance | Teacher |
| Parent involvement | Teacher |
| Teacher-initiated parent involvement | Teacher |
| Teacher rated ADHD behaviors | Teacher |
| Teacher rated prosocial behaviors | Teacher |
| Teacher rated conduct problems | Teacher |
| Teacher rated internalizing behaviors | Teacher |
| Child agreeableness | Teacher |
| Child conscientiousness | Teacher |
| Teacher-student Conflict | Teacher |
| Teacher-student support | Teacher |
| Parent reading with child | Teacher |
| Parent positive involvement with child | Teacher |
| Parent discipline | Teacher |
| Child's academic performance | Teacher |
Note. Full information on the variables may be obtained from the 3rd author.