Health behavior
|
Aerobic exercise |
Self-report of number of times per week doing aerobic exercise |
Cognitive symptom management |
Stanford Patient Education Research Center scale (http://patienteducation.stanford.edu/research/cognitivesymptom.html) adapted from the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) (http://www.rand.org/health/surveys_tools/mos/mos_core_36item.html) |
Communication with physician |
Stanford Patient Education Research Center scale (http://patienteducation.stanford.edu/research/communprov.html) |
Stretching/strengthening exercise |
Self-report of number of times per week doing stretching/strengthening exercise |
Psychological health status
|
Depression |
Depression subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6880820) or Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (http://cesd-r.com/) |
Health distress |
Stanford Patient Education Research Center scale adapted from the MOS (http://patienteducation.stanford.edu/research/healthdistress.html) |
Overall self-efficacy |
Stanford Patient Education Research Center’s Chronic Disease Self-Efficacy Scales (31-item or 6-item version). Some principal investigators selected groups of items from the 32-item version (http://patienteducation.stanford.edu/research/secd32.html; http://patienteducation.stanford.edu/research/secd6.html) |
Self-efficacy for chronic disease management |
5-item Manage Disease in General subscale of the Stanford Patient Education Research Center’s Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease (http://patienteducation.stanford.edu/research/secd32.html) |
Self-efficacy for management of other symptoms |
5-item Manage Symptoms subscale of the Stanford Patient Education Research Center’s Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease (http://patienteducation.stanford.edu/research/secd32.html) |
Physical health status
|
Energy |
Stanford Patient Education Research Center 5-item energy/fatigue scale from the MOS (http://patienteducation.stanford.edu/research/energyfatigue.html) |
Fatigue |
10-point visual analog or visual numeric scale |
Functional disability |
Health Assessment Questionnaire–Disability scale (http://aramis.stanford.edu/HAQ.html); Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (http://www.womac.org/) |
Pain |
10-point visual analog or visual numeric scale; McGill present pain intensity rating (http://tuum-est.com/pdf/rsd/the-mcgill-pain-questionnaire-from-description-to-measurement-melzack.pdf) |
Self-rated health |
1 question from the National Health Interview Survey or the MOS (http://www.rand.org/health/surveys_tools/mos/mos_core_36item.html); scale scoring was reversed in our meta-analysis for ease of interpretation |
Shortness of breath |
10-point visual analog or visual numeric scale |
Social role limitations |
Stanford Patient Education Research Center scale adapted from the MOS (http://patienteducation.stanford.edu/research/activitieslimit.html) |
Health care utilization
|
Emergency department visits |
Self-report of the number of emergency department visits in past 4 to 6 months |
Physician visits |
Self-report of the number of physician visits in past 4 to 6 months |
Hospitalization days or nights |
Self-report of the number of days or nights hospitalized in the past 6 months |
Hospitalization times |
Self-report of the number of times hospitalized in the past 6 months |