Table 1.
Distribution of demographic and treatment characteristics of cases and controls
| |
|
Cases (N = 117) |
Controls (N = 251) |
p valuea |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) or Mean (SD) | n (%) or Mean (SD) | |||||
| Education, years of schooling |
|
7.5 (3.8) |
7.4 (3.6) |
0.87 |
||
| Household size, number of people |
|
6.3 (4.2) |
5.8 (4.8) |
0.31 |
||
| Age (yrs.) |
<21 |
11 |
(9) |
25 |
(10) |
0.89 |
| |
21-29 |
23 |
(20) |
52 |
(21) |
|
| |
30-39 |
41 |
(35) |
95 |
(38) |
|
| |
40-49 |
27 |
(23) |
46 |
(18) |
|
| |
50-64 |
12 |
(10) |
23 |
(9) |
|
| |
65+ |
3 |
(3) |
10 |
(4) |
|
| Male |
|
65 |
(56) |
139 |
(55) |
0.93 |
| Married/partnered |
|
33 |
(28) |
63 |
(25) |
0.35 |
| Born in Namibia |
|
111 |
(95) |
242 |
(96) |
1.00 |
| Treatment city |
Windhoek |
36 |
(31) |
79 |
(31) |
<.0001 |
| |
Walvis Bay |
23 |
(19) |
28 |
(11) |
|
| |
Oshakati |
23 |
(19) |
49 |
(20) |
|
| |
Onandjokwe |
7 |
(6) |
26 |
(10) |
|
| |
Grootfontein |
8 |
(7) |
22 |
(9) |
|
| |
Rundu |
7 |
(6) |
10 |
(4) |
|
| |
Luderitz |
6 |
(5) |
10 |
(4) |
|
| |
Otijiwarongo |
4 |
(4) |
12 |
(5) |
|
| |
Keetmanshoop |
3 |
(3) |
15 |
(6) |
|
| Currently hospitalized |
|
97 |
(83) |
77 |
(31) |
<.0001 |
| Current treatment regimen |
Category I |
0 |
(0) |
157 |
(63) |
<.0001 |
| |
Category II |
1 |
(1) |
94 |
(37) |
|
| |
Category IV |
116 |
(99) |
0 |
(0) |
|
| Documented HIV testing |
|
108 |
(92) |
212 |
(84) |
0.04 |
| HIV- infectedb |
|
55 |
(51) |
141 |
(67) |
0.007 |
| Documented CD4 test resultc |
|
24 |
(44) |
56 |
(40) |
0.76 |
| Receiving ART c |
|
32 |
(58) |
59 |
(42) |
0.04 |
| Documented DST result |
ALL |
117 |
(100) |
4 |
(2) |
<.0001 |
| |
MDR-TB |
112 |
(96) |
0 |
(0) |
|
| |
XDR-TBd |
5 |
(4) |
0 |
(0) |
|
| Previous TB treatment |
|
113 |
(97) |
115 |
(46) |
<.0001 |
| Previous Category IV treatment | 35 | (30) | 0 | (0) | <.0001 | |
a p values are for known outcome values.
b among those with a documented HIV test.
c among those HIV-infected.
d defined as a Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolate with resistance to isoniazid and rifampin,
ofloxacin, and one of three injectable second-line drugs.