Table 7.
Main bioaccessibility results for materials tested using an in vitro procedure calibrated with in vivo data
| SUBSTRATE | IVBA% | REFERENCES |
|---|---|---|
| Flanders soil |
91±4 |
[29,43,60,61,63,64,82,84,109]RBALP (Gastric) |
| Oker 11 soil |
56±4 |
|
| 47 Omaha community smelter soils, US |
68-69 (average) |
|
| HER-2930 smelter soil, US |
69±1.5 (using Dr Drexler’s Pb levels) |
|
| |
85±1.1 (using EPA’s average bulk Pb levels) |
|
| 17 residential soils, tailings, and slags from mining waste sites, US |
14±1.7 to 90±3.1 |
|
| 1 NIST paint |
75±3.8 |
|
| 1 Galena |
6±2.3 |
|
| 8 shooting range soils, US |
83±1 to 100±3 |
|
| 20 soils from the N-S transect, US (agricultural, grazing land, open range, forested land, residential, desert) |
3.7 to 39 |
|
| 70 samples of tap water particles |
1.5 to 100 |
|
| 9 soils from mining sites* |
3.1±0.1 to 99.3±14.3 |
[86]RIVM (Intestinal) |
| 1 NIST paint* + soil |
86.2 ± 2.3 |
|
| 1 Galena* |
1.7 ± 0.2 |
|
| 15 mining soils, France |
9-75 (Intestinal) |
[65,66,95,133,134]UBM |
| 10 smelting soils, France |
34-90 (Intestinal) |
|
| 27 urban topsoils, France |
11-63 (Intestinal) |
|
| 12 soils (mining, composite, phosphate-treated), 1 dust, from various studies (European and North American) |
0.6±0.1 to 112.8±18.5 (Gastric) |
|
| |
0.1±0.1 to 89.5±91.3 (Intestinal) |
|
| 2 urban residential soils, Australia |
20.0±4.0 to 26.1±6.5 |
[67,68,112]SBRC (Intestinal) |
| 3 domestic incinerator soils, Australia |
11.7±2.8 to 22.5±5.0 |
|
| |
3.2±2.6 to 8.5±0.6† |
|
| Brushal, Carl-1, Hamburg, and Oker-11 soils§ |
30.7±6.1 to 62.9±11.0 |
|
| 9 shooting range soils, Australia |
21.3-102.6 |
|
| |
59±3.7 to 92±9.0 (3 soils)† |
|
| 5 historical fill soils, Australia |
5.5-26.1 (4 soils) |
|
| |
10.7±0.7 to 16.6±1.1 (2 soils)† |
|
| 13 mining/smelting soils, Australia |
11.6-82.5 |
|
| |
31±18.4 to 74±17.3 (3 soils)† |
|
| 1 gasworks, Australia |
27.2 |
|
| |
27±1.6† |
|
| 1 geogenic, Australia | 12.5 |