Table 3. Phylogeny-trait association tests of phylogenetic structure of geographic, temporal, and clinical traits of DENV infections.
| Serotype | Trait | Number of groups | Association Index1, ratio of observed to expected (95% CI) | Parsimony Score1, ratio of observed to expected (95% CI) | P-value2 |
| DENV-1 | Sub-district | 5 | 0.31 (0.20, 0.44) | 0.44 (0.38, 0.50) | <0.01, <0.01 |
| Village | 22 | 0.50 (0.39, 0.62) | 0.61 (0.55, 0.66) | <0.01, <0.01 | |
| School | 15 | 0.62 (0.49, 0.77) | 0.65 (0.60, 0.70) | <0.01, <0.01 | |
| Cluster | 31 | 0.67 (0.53, 0.83) | 0.77 (0.71, 0.82) | <0.01, <0.01 | |
| Sex* | 3 | 0.96 (0.70, 1.27) | 1.00 (0.84, 1.16) | 0.28, 0.54 | |
| Age* | 4 | 1.06 (0.81, 1.38) | 1.03 (0.91, 1.16) | 0.86, 0.87 | |
| Clinical syndrome* | 5 | 1.01 (0.77, 1.28) | 0.99 (0.92, 1.08) | 0.57, 0.51 | |
| Year | 3 | 0.04 (0.02, 0.11) | 0.25 (0.21, 0.32) | <0.01, <0.01 | |
| DENV-2 | Sub-district | 4 | 0.19 (0.04, 0.38) | 0.51 (0.47, 0.63) | <0.01, <0.01 |
| Village | 7 | 0.28 (0.11, 0.51) | 0.59 (0.49, 0.68) | <0.01, <0.01 | |
| School | 7 | 0.45 (0.18, 0.84) | 0.64 (0.52, 0.80) | 0.01, <0.01 | |
| Cluster | 7 | 0.34 (0.13, 0.63) | 0.68 (0.55, 0.81) | <0.01, <0.01 | |
| Sex* | 3 | 1.08 (0.69, 1.67) | 1.07 (0.93, 1.32) | 0.71, 0.57 | |
| Age* | 4 | 1.03 (0.67, 1.66) | 1.00 (0.81, 1.28) | 0.58, 0.36 | |
| Clinical syndrome * | 5 | 0.65 (0.39, 1.03) | 0.78 (0.67, 0.91) | 0.01, 0.01 | |
| Year | 4 | 0.05 (0.00, 0.10) | 0.37 (0.26, 0.43) | <0.01, <0.01 | |
| DENV-4 | Sub-district | 5 | 0.09 (0.02, 0.17) | 0.30 (0.26, 0.33) | <0.01, <0.01 |
| Village | 19 | 0.45 (0.32, 0.60) | 0.55 (0.49, 0.60) | <0.01, <0.01 | |
| School | 18 | 0.53 (0.40, 0.68) | 0.63 (0.57, 0.70) | <0.01, <0.01 | |
| Cluster | 18 | 0.57 (0.40, 0.76) | 0.68 (0.59, 0.76) | <0.01, <0.01 | |
| Sex* | 3 | 0.93 (0.64, 1.31) | 0.97 (0.82, 1.17) | 0.16, 0.38 | |
| Age* | 4 | 0.95 (0.69, 1.28) | 0.95 (0.83, 1.11) | 0.21, 0.2 | |
| Clinical syndrome* | 5 | 0.94 (0.64, 1.31) | 0.97 (0.91, 1.02) | 0.23, 0.14 | |
| Year | 4 | 0.02 (0.00, 0.09) | 0.29 (0.25, 0.35) | <0.01, <0.01 |
Traits showing significant phylogenetic structure are indicated in bold.
*
Analysis included separate groups for mosquito isolates or unknown traits where applicable.
1
AI and PS scores are based on mean values representing the association between trait and phylogeny.
2
P-values are based on median values representing the association between trait and phylogeny.