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. 2013 Jan 8;19(1):94–98. doi: 10.5056/jnm.2013.19.1.94

Figure 1.

Figure 1

The development of narcotic bowel syndrome. The patient presents with chronic, often abdominal pain and is prescribed with escalating doses of opiates, resulting in no relief in pain. For a number of reasons this can lead to breakdown of the doctor patient relationship.