Figure 5.

NeuroRighter can be used to clamp population firing rates in vitro using closed-loop electrical stimulation. (A) Schematic of the multi-electrode population firing clamp. (B) Step tracking performance is shown for a range of target firing rates, f * (dotted lines). The average neuronal firing rate across detected units,〈f_u[t]〉 (colored lines), is shown for each step in f *. Tracking failures are colored gray. (C) Time averaged neuronal firing rate for the last 2.5 min of each 5 min protocol compared to the reference signal, f *. The dotted line is identity. (D) The mean control voltage across the stimulating electrodes over the final 2.5 min of each step protocol at different values of f *.